Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

What are the two main types of antigens?

  1. Exogenous and endogenous antigens

  2. Humoral and cell-mediated antigens

  3. Primary and secondary antigens

  4. Native and denatured antigens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Exogenous antigens are those that enter the body from the outside environment, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins. Endogenous antigens are those that are produced inside the body, such as cancer cells and proteins that are released from damaged cells.

Multiple choice

What are epitopes?

  1. The parts of an antigen that are recognized by antibodies

  2. The parts of an antigen that are recognized by T cells

  3. The parts of an antigen that are recognized by both antibodies and T cells

  4. The parts of an antigen that are not recognized by the immune system
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A Correct answer
Explanation

Epitopes are the parts of an antigen that are recognized by antibodies. They are usually small, linear sequences of amino acids or sugars.

Multiple choice

What is the role of MHC molecules in the immune response?

  1. To present antigens to T cells

  2. To activate B cells

  3. To produce antibodies

  4. To kill infected cells
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A Correct answer
Explanation

MHC molecules are proteins that are found on the surface of all cells. They present antigens to T cells, which then become activated and can kill infected cells or help B cells produce antibodies.

Multiple choice

What are the two main types of MHC molecules?

  1. MHC class I and MHC class II

  2. MHC class A and MHC class B

  3. MHC class I and MHC class III

  4. MHC class II and MHC class III
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A Correct answer
Explanation

There are two main types of MHC molecules: MHC class I and MHC class II. MHC class I molecules are found on all cells, while MHC class II molecules are found only on antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells.

Multiple choice

What is the difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity?

  1. Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of T cells

  2. Humoral immunity is more effective against extracellular pathogens, while cell-mediated immunity is more effective against intracellular pathogens

  3. Humoral immunity is faster than cell-mediated immunity

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells, while cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of T cells. Humoral immunity is more effective against extracellular pathogens, while cell-mediated immunity is more effective against intracellular pathogens. Humoral immunity is faster than cell-mediated immunity.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune cells are responsible for immunological memory?

  1. B cells

  2. T cells

  3. Macrophages

  4. Neutrophils
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Correct answer
Explanation

Both B cells and T cells play a role in immunological memory. B cells produce antibodies, while T cells help to activate B cells and kill infected cells.

Multiple choice

What are memory B cells?

  1. B cells that have been exposed to a pathogen and are now able to produce antibodies against it.

  2. B cells that are produced in the bone marrow.

  3. B cells that are found in the lymph nodes.

  4. B cells that are responsible for producing antibodies against self-antigens.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Memory B cells are a type of B cell that has been exposed to a pathogen and is now able to produce antibodies against it. These cells are long-lived and can provide protection against future infections.

Multiple choice

What are memory T cells?

  1. T cells that have been exposed to a pathogen and are now able to kill infected cells.

  2. T cells that are produced in the thymus.

  3. T cells that are found in the spleen.

  4. T cells that are responsible for regulating the immune response.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Memory T cells are a type of T cell that has been exposed to a pathogen and is now able to kill infected cells. These cells are long-lived and can provide protection against future infections.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of immunological memory?

  1. B cell memory.

  2. T cell memory.

  3. Innate memory.

  4. Humoral memory.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Innate memory is not a type of immunological memory. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against infection and does not involve immunological memory.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of immunological memory cell?

  1. Memory B cells.

  2. Memory T cells.

  3. Plasma cells.

  4. Effector memory cells.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Plasma cells are not a type of immunological memory cell. Plasma cells are a type of B cell that produces antibodies.

Multiple choice

What is the role of dendritic cells in immunological memory?

  1. They help to activate B cells and T cells.

  2. They help to differentiate B cells into plasma cells.

  3. They help to promote the survival of memory B cells and T cells.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dendritic cells play a number of roles in immunological memory, including helping to activate B cells and T cells, helping to differentiate B cells into plasma cells, and helping to promote the survival of memory B cells and T cells.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of immune response?

  1. Innate immunity

  2. Adaptive immunity

  3. Humoral immunity

  4. Cellular immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Humoral immunity is not a type of immune response. It is a component of adaptive immunity that involves the production of antibodies.

Multiple choice

What is the role of B cells in the immune system?

  1. To produce antibodies

  2. To kill infected cells

  3. To help T cells produce antibodies

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

B cells play a crucial role in the immune system by producing antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and neutralize foreign invaders.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of antibody?

  1. IgG

  2. IgA

  3. IgM

  4. IgE
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

IgE is not a type of antibody. It is a type of immunoglobulin that is involved in allergic reactions.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of phagocytic cell?

  1. Macrophages

  2. Neutrophils

  3. Eosinophils

  4. Basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Basophils are not phagocytic cells. They are a type of white blood cell that is involved in allergic reactions.