Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of cytokine?

  1. Interleukins

  2. Interferons

  3. Antibodies

  4. Tumor necrosis factor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Antibodies are produced by B cells and plasma cells, and they are not considered to be cytokines.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the differentiation of T helper cells?

  1. Interleukin-2

  2. Interleukin-4

  3. Interleukin-6

  4. Interleukin-10
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-2 is a cytokine that is produced by activated T cells and other immune cells. It stimulates the differentiation of T helper cells, which are important for coordinating immune responses.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines?

  1. Interleukin-10

  2. Interleukin-12

  3. Interleukin-18

  4. Interleukin-22
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-10 is a cytokine that is produced by regulatory T cells and other immune cells. It inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor, and it promotes the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-10.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of antibodies by B cells?

  1. Interleukin-4

  2. Interleukin-6

  3. Interleukin-10

  4. Interleukin-12
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-4 is a cytokine that is produced by activated T helper cells and other immune cells. It stimulates the production of antibodies by B cells, and it also promotes the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of interferon-gamma by natural killer cells?

  1. Interleukin-12

  2. Interleukin-15

  3. Interleukin-18

  4. Interleukin-21
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-12 is a cytokine that is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and other immune cells. It stimulates the production of interferon-gamma by natural killer cells, which are important for controlling viral infections and tumor growth.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of tumor necrosis factor by macrophages?

  1. Interleukin-1

  2. Interleukin-6

  3. Interleukin-8

  4. Interleukin-10
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-1 is a cytokine that is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and other immune cells. It stimulates the production of tumor necrosis factor by macrophages, which is important for controlling infections and promoting inflammation.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by fibroblasts?

  1. Interleukin-3

  2. Interleukin-5

  3. Interleukin-6

  4. Interleukin-11
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-6 is a cytokine that is produced by fibroblasts, macrophages, and other cells. It stimulates the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by fibroblasts, which is important for the production of neutrophils and macrophages.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of erythropoietin by kidney cells?

  1. Interleukin-1

  2. Interleukin-3

  3. Interleukin-6

  4. Interleukin-11
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-3 is a cytokine that is produced by activated T cells and other immune cells. It stimulates the production of erythropoietin by kidney cells, which is important for the production of red blood cells.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of hepatocyte growth factor by hepatocytes?

  1. Interleukin-6

  2. Interleukin-11

  3. Interleukin-15

  4. Interleukin-21
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-6 is a cytokine that is produced by hepatocytes, macrophages, and other cells. It stimulates the production of hepatocyte growth factor by hepatocytes, which is important for the regeneration of liver tissue.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of platelet-derived growth factor by platelets?

  1. Interleukin-4

  2. Interleukin-6

  3. Interleukin-8

  4. Interleukin-10
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-4 is a cytokine that is produced by activated T helper cells and other immune cells. It stimulates the production of platelet-derived growth factor by platelets, which is important for the healing of wounds.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by endothelial cells?

  1. Interleukin-8

  2. Interleukin-10

  3. Interleukin-12

  4. Interleukin-15
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-8 is a cytokine that is produced by macrophages, neutrophils, and other cells. It stimulates the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by endothelial cells, which is important for the growth of new blood vessels.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of transforming growth factor-beta by T cells?

  1. Interleukin-10

  2. Interleukin-12

  3. Interleukin-18

  4. Interleukin-21
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-10 is a cytokine that is produced by regulatory T cells and other immune cells. It stimulates the production of transforming growth factor-beta by T cells, which is important for the regulation of immune responses and the healing of wounds.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the production of fibroblast growth factor by fibroblasts?

  1. Interleukin-1

  2. Interleukin-6

  3. Interleukin-8

  4. Interleukin-11
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-1 is a cytokine that is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and other immune cells. It stimulates the production of fibroblast growth factor by fibroblasts, which is important for the healing of wounds and the growth of new tissue.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of tumor antigen?

  1. Cancer-testis antigens

  2. Overexpressed self-antigens

  3. Mutated neoantigens

  4. Viral antigens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Viral antigens are not typically considered tumor antigens, as they are associated with viral infections rather than cancer.

Multiple choice

Which immune cell type is responsible for antigen presentation to T cells?

  1. B cells

  2. Macrophages

  3. Natural killer cells

  4. Dendritic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells that capture, process, and present antigens to T cells, initiating an immune response.