Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Absorption of water from the Kidney tubules is controlled by _________.

  1. the ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

  2. vasopressin

  3. oxytocin

  4. the T.S.H. (Thyroid stimulating hormone)

  5. amount of Uric acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as vasopressin, argipressin orantidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a neurohypophysial hormone found in most mammals. Its two primary functions are to retain water in the body and to constrict blood vessels. Vasopressin regulates the body's retention of water by acting to increase water absorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephron.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statement is false?

  1. Sometimes, urine may contain certain excess vitamins.

  2. Glomerular filtration occurs under pressure on the blood as a result of systolic pressure of the heart.

  3. A diuretic increases the amount of urine.

  4. Harmful ammonium compounds formed during the metabolism in the cells are broken down to form urea in the kidney.

  5. Glomerular filtrate consists of many substances such as water, salt, glucose, and white blood corpuscles.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is false, harmful ammonium compounds formed during the metabolism in the cells are broken down to form urea in the liver.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statement is correct?

  1. Urine leaves the urinary bladder of female by means of the uterus.

  2. Urethra carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

  3. The U-shaped portion of a nephron located in the medulla region is called Loop of Henle.

  4. Renal vein supplies blood to kidney.

  5. Ammonia is converted into urea in kidney.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is correct.

Multiple choice

Where does the Ultra-filtration occurs?

  1. PCT (Proximal Convoluted tubule)

  2. DCT (Distal Convoluted tubule)

  3. Henle’s Loop

  4. Vasa Rectae

  5. Bowman’s capsule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This phenomenon occurs in the Bowman’s capsule.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a property of Urine?

  1. Colour - Straw yellow colour

  2. Volume - Normally 1 - 1.5 liters per day

  3. pH - 2-3

  4. Specific gravity - 1.003 to 1.035

  5. Odour - On standing, the smell of urine becomes strong, ammonia-like, due to bacterial activity, otherwise faint smell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The pH - 5-8, i.e., it is slightly acidic (pH=6).

Multiple choice

In kidneys, glucose is mainly absorbed in

  1. Bowman’s capsule

  2. loop of Henle

  3. proximal convoluted tubule

  4. distal convoluted tubule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In kidneys, glucose is mainly absorbed in proximal convoluted tubule.