Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a purpose of producing urine in the body?

  1. To remove uric acid from blood

  2. To remove carbon dioxide from blood

  3. To remove toxic substances from blood

  4. To remove excess of water from body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The purpose of making urine is to filter out waste products from the blood. Nitrogenous waste such as urea or uric acid, excess water and toxic substances are removed from blood in the kidneys. CO2 is removed from the blood in the lungs.

Multiple choice

Match the following:

a. Renal artery 1. It carries impure blood into the kidneys.
b. Renal vein 2. They are the tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder.
c. Ureters 3. It carries pure blood out of the kidneys.

  1. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2

  2. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3

  3. a - 2, b - 1, c - 3

  4. a - 3, b - 1, c - 2

  5. a - 2, b - 3, c - 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Renal arteries carry blood containing waste into the kidneys. Renal veins drain pure blood out of the kidneys after filtration. Ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Multiple choice

Urine is stored in the ______ till excreted.

  1. urethra

  2. ureter

  3. kidney

  4. urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The transparent yellowish fluid containing dissolved waste released from the kidney is known as urine. It is released from the kidney and passes through tubes called ureters. It is temporarily stored in the urinary bladder and is finally thrown out through a muscular tube called urethra.

Multiple choice

If Henle’s loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following would occur?

  1. The urine would be more dilute.

  2. No urine would be formed.

  3. Quality and quantity of urine would show no change.

  4. The urine would be more concentrated.

  5. pH of the urine would be decreased.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The urine would be more dilute. Loop of Henle performs counter current along with vasa recta thereby making urine hypertonic. Longer the loop of Henle, the greater will be the hypertonicity of urine. Hence, in absence of it, urine would be more diluted.

Multiple choice

The volume of urine formed in mammals is regulated by

  1. Aldosterone

  2. ADH

  3. Aldosterone, ADH and testosterone

  4. Aldosterone and ADH

  5. Corticosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Aldosterone helps in the reabsorbtion of Na+ and water in the distal part of the renal tubule, hence it increases GFR and regulates urine volume. ADH or vasopressin increases blood pressure and regulates blood volume. Both of them perform together and one’s function gives feedback to the other.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a. The renal vein brings in the dirty blood containing the waste substances into the kidneys. b. Ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. c. Waste material like urea remains in the Bowman's capsule.

  1. a, b and c

  2. a and b

  3. a only

  4. b only

  5. c only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer as this statement is correct. Ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

  1. In diabetes insipidus, concentrated urine is formed.

  2. In diabetes mellitus, urination frequency is decreased.

  3. In diabetes insipidus, urination frequency is increased.

  4. In diabetes insipidus, urine has high amount of glucose.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In diabetes insipidus, urination is frequent and copious resulting in loss of water from the body.

Multiple choice

Dialysis is used for the treatment of

  1. brain disease

  2. kidney failure

  3. heart weakness

  4. lung problems
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In medicine, dialysis, meaning dissolution, (dia, meaning through, and lysis, meaning (loosening or splitting)) is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood, and is used primarily to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure. Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function (acute kidney injury, previously acute renal failure), or progressive but chronically worsening kidney function – a state known as chronic kidney disease.