Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Juxta glomerular apparatus(JGA) is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications. JGA is formed in which of the following?

a. Distal convoluted tubule b. Afferent arteriole c. Glomerulus

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole.

Multiple choice

Kidney functioning is efficiently monitored and regulated by hormonal feedback mechanisms. Which of the following is/are involved in it?

a. Heart b. Hypothalamus c. Juxta glomerular apparatus

  1. only a

  2. only a and b

  3. only a and c

  4. only b and c

  5. a, b and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as the heart, hypothalamus and juxta glomerular apparatus monitor and regulate the functioning of kidneys by hormonal feedback mechanisms.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. The collecting duct extends from the cortex of the kidney to the inner parts of the medulla. b. Each human kidney has nearly one million complex tubular structures called Columns of Bertini. c. The collecting duct can reabsorb large amounts of water to produce a concentrated urine.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this statement is false. Each human kidney has nearly one million complex tubular structures called nephrons.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a property of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?

  1. It is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium.

  2. It absorbs all the essential nutrients.

  3. 70-80 percent of electrolytes and water is reabsorbed by this segment.

  4. It helps to maintain the pH and ionic balance of the body fluids.

  5. It plays a significant role in the maintenance of high osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this is not a property of Proximal Convoluted Tubule. Henle's Loop plays a significant role in the maintenance of high osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid.

Multiple choice

Which of the following animals excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of pellet/paste with a minimum loss of water?

a. Reptiles b. Birds c. Mammals d. Aquatic amphibians

  1. Only a and b

  2. Only a and c

  3. Only a and d

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only b and d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as reptiles and birds excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of pellet/paste with a minimum loss of water. They are called as uricotelic animals.

Multiple choice

The tubular epithelial cells in different segments of nephron perform reabsorption either by active or by passive mechanisms. Which of the following substances in the filtrate are reabsorbed by active mechanism?

a. Nitrogeneous waste b. Water c. Glucose d. Amino acids

  1. Only a and c

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only a and d

  4. Only c and d

  5. Only b and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Glucose and amino acids in the filtrate are reabsorbed by active mechanism.

Multiple choice

Match the following:

 
a. Uremia 1. In this, malfunctioning of kidneys leads to accumulation of urea in blood.
b. Renal calculi 2. In this, inflammation of glomeruli of kidney occurs.
c. Glomerulonephritis 3. In this, stone or insoluble mass of crystallised salts are formed within the kidney.

  1. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2

  2. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3

  3. a - 3, b - 1, c - 2

  4. a - 3, b - 2, c - 1

  5. a - 2, b - 3, c - 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Uremia is a condition in which malfunctioning of kidneys leads to accumulation of urea in blood. Renal calculi is a condition in which stone or insoluble mass of crystallised salts are formed within the kidney. Glomerulonephritis is a condition in which inflammation of glomeruli of kidney occurs.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Atrial Natriuretic Factor can cause dilation of blood vessels and thus, increase the blood pressure. b. Presence of Glycosuria and Ketonuria in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus. c. Osmoreceptors in the body are activated by changes in blood volume, body fluid volume and ionic concentration.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this statement is false. Atrial Natriuretic Factor can cause dilation of blood vessels and thus, decrease the blood pressure.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is true concerning the function of the fetal adrenal glands and kidneys?

  1. Fetal corticoids stimulate the production of pulmonary surfactant by alveolar type II cells.

  2. The fetal zone of the adrenal gland produces huge amount of testosterone.

  3. The regulation of acid-base balance of the fetus is govern by the kidneys.

  4. The fetal kidneys starts producing a hypertonic urine after about 6 to 8 weeks of gestation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

It is the correct statement. In foetus, the kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis regulating acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations and extracellular fluid volume.

Multiple choice

Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Which of the following does not constitute a part of nephron?

  1. Bowman's capsule

  2. Proximal convoluted tubule

  3. Loop of Henle

  4. Collecting duct

  5. Distal convoluted tubule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A uriniferous tubule/nephron is a long tubule differentiated into four regions – Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule. Collecting ducts are the larger tubes, each receiving the collecting tubules of several nephrons. Collecting duct does not form a part of the uriniferous tubule.

Multiple choice

Ultrafiltration takes place in

  1. blood capillaries

  2. tissue fluid

  3. glomerulus

  4. urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ultrafiltration takes place in glomerulus.