Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'appetite' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Kidneys are considered "vital organs," meaning they perform functions essential to your health. Your kidneys purify your blood. The filtered-out waste and water are called urine. The most common causes of kidney malfunction are diabetes and high blood pressure. Some kidney diseases are hereditary. If your family has a history of any kind of kidney problems, mention them to your health care provider. You might be at risk. As the disease progresses, you might notice you're urinating more or less frequently. You might feel queasy or lose your appetite. Some people experience numbness or swelling in the hands or feet. Others have muscle cramp. You might feel drowsy or have a difficult time concentrating.

  1. desire

  2. taste

  3. digestion

  4. hunger
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

'Appetite' refers to the desire to eat, which can be lost due to illness. 'Hunger' captures this physical drive for food. 'Desire' is too general, 'taste' refers to flavor perception, and 'digestion' is a biological process unrelated to wanting to eat.

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'cramp' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Kidneys are considered "vital organs," meaning they perform functions essential to your health. Your kidneys purify your blood. The filtered-out waste and water are called urine. The most common causes of kidney malfunction are diabetes and high blood pressure. Some kidney diseases are hereditary. If your family has a history of any kind of kidney problems, mention them to your health care provider. You might be at risk. As the disease progresses, you might notice you're urinating more or less frequently. You might feel queasy or lose your appetite. Some people experience numbness or swelling in the hands or feet. Others have muscle cramp. You might feel drowsy or have a difficult time concentrating.

  1. pain

  2. swelling

  3. spasm

  4. restrict
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cramp is a painful muscle contraction.

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'drowsy' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Kidneys are considered "vital organs," meaning they perform functions essential to your health. Your kidneys purify your blood. The filtered-out waste and water are called urine. The most common causes of kidney malfunction are diabetes and high blood pressure. Some kidney diseases are hereditary. If your family has a history of any kind of kidney problems, mention them to your health care provider. You might be at risk. As the disease progresses, you might notice you're urinating more or less frequently. You might feel queasy or lose your appetite. Some people experience numbness or swelling in the hands or feet. Others have muscle cramp. You might feel drowsy or have a difficult time concentrating.

  1. uneasy

  2. weak

  3. lethargic

  4. nodding
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Drowsy is sleepy or lethargic

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is true concerning the function of the fetal adrenal glands and kidneys?

  1. Fetal corticoids stimulate the production of pulmonary surfactant by alveolar type II cells.

  2. The fetal zone of the adrenal gland produces huge amount of testosterone.

  3. The regulation of acid-base balance of the fetus is govern by the kidneys.

  4. The fetal kidneys starts producing a hypertonic urine after about 6 to 8 weeks of gestation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

It is the correct statement. In foetus, the kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis regulating acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations and extracellular fluid volume.

Multiple choice

Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Which of the following does not constitute a part of nephron?

  1. Bowman's capsule

  2. Proximal convoluted tubule

  3. Loop of Henle

  4. Collecting duct

  5. Distal convoluted tubule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A uriniferous tubule/nephron is a long tubule differentiated into four regions – Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule. Collecting ducts are the larger tubes, each receiving the collecting tubules of several nephrons. Collecting duct does not form a part of the uriniferous tubule.

Multiple choice

Ultrafiltration takes place in

  1. blood capillaries

  2. tissue fluid

  3. glomerulus

  4. urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ultrafiltration takes place in glomerulus.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a purpose of producing urine in the body?

  1. To remove uric acid from blood

  2. To remove carbon dioxide from blood

  3. To remove toxic substances from blood

  4. To remove excess of water from body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The purpose of making urine is to filter out waste products from the blood. Nitrogenous waste such as urea or uric acid, excess water and toxic substances are removed from blood in the kidneys. CO2 is removed from the blood in the lungs.

Multiple choice

Glucocorticoids are mainly responsible for

  1. enhancement of glucose production

  2. retention of sodium by kidney

  3. diminution of glucose formation

  4. excretion of sodium by kidney

  5. decrease in glucose metabolism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Glucocorticoids increase the formation of glucose by increasing neoglucogenesis in tissues.

Multiple choice

Match the following:

a. Renal artery 1. It carries impure blood into the kidneys.
b. Renal vein 2. They are the tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder.
c. Ureters 3. It carries pure blood out of the kidneys.

  1. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2

  2. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3

  3. a - 2, b - 1, c - 3

  4. a - 3, b - 1, c - 2

  5. a - 2, b - 3, c - 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Renal arteries carry blood containing waste into the kidneys. Renal veins drain pure blood out of the kidneys after filtration. Ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Multiple choice

Urine is stored in the ______ till excreted.

  1. urethra

  2. ureter

  3. kidney

  4. urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The transparent yellowish fluid containing dissolved waste released from the kidney is known as urine. It is released from the kidney and passes through tubes called ureters. It is temporarily stored in the urinary bladder and is finally thrown out through a muscular tube called urethra.