Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

When nitrogenous waste products accumulate in the blood, it is an indication that the

  1. heart is not functioning properly

  2. kidneys are not functioning properly

  3. lungs are not functioning properly

  4. liver is not functioning properly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Wastes in the blood come from the normal breakdown of active tissues, such as muscles, and from food. The body uses food for energy and self-repairs. After the body has taken what it needs from food, wastes are sent to the blood. If the kidneys did not remove them, these wastes would build up in the blood and damage the body. When nitrogenous waste products accumulate in the blood, it is an indication that the kidneys are not functioning properly.

Multiple choice

In the human body, Henle's loop is found in the

  1. ovary

  2. intestine

  3. kidney

  4. testis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The loop of Henle (Henle's loop) is a U-shaped portion of the nephron located in the renal medulla of the kidney. It plays a crucial role in concentrating urine and maintaining water balance through countercurrent multiplication. The other options (ovary, intestine, testis) are unrelated to renal physiology.

Multiple choice

The main function of the kidney is

  1. to remove waste products from the body

  2. to control blood pressure

  3. to help in digestion of food

  4. to control body temperature
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Functions of kidneys are:

(a) Filtering out wastes to be excreted in the urine.
(b) Regulating blood pressure via both urinary excretion of wastes and initiating the rennin- angiotensen hormone regulatory system.
(c) Regulating an acid-base balance via the bicarbonate system. (d) Stimulating red blood cell production via the release of the hormone erythropoietin.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding aldosterone is/ are correct? (a) They stimulate reabsorption of Na+.

(b) They stimulate reabsorption of water. (c) They stimulate reabsorption of phosphate ion. (d) They stimulate the excretion of K.

  1. a, b, and c

  2. a, b and d

  3. b and d

  4. a and b

  5. b and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Yes, it is correct as only statement c is incorrect. Aldosterone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water and excretion of K+ and phosphate ions.

Multiple choice

In the Bowman's capsule _______.

  1. afferent arteriole is narrower whereas efferent arteriole is wider

  2. afferent arteriole is wider whereas efferent arteriole is narrower

  3. afferent capillary is wider whereas efferent capillary is narrower

  4. afferent capillary is narrower whereas efferent capillary is wider

  5. afferent arteriole is wider and efferent capillary is narrower
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This reason is correct.

Multiple choice

Absorption of water from the Kidney tubules is controlled by _________.

  1. the ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

  2. vasopressin

  3. oxytocin

  4. the T.S.H. (Thyroid stimulating hormone)

  5. amount of Uric acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as vasopressin, argipressin orantidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a neurohypophysial hormone found in most mammals. Its two primary functions are to retain water in the body and to constrict blood vessels. Vasopressin regulates the body's retention of water by acting to increase water absorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephron.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statement is correct?

  1. Urine leaves the urinary bladder of female by means of the uterus.

  2. Urethra carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

  3. The U-shaped portion of a nephron located in the medulla region is called Loop of Henle.

  4. Renal vein supplies blood to kidney.

  5. Ammonia is converted into urea in kidney.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is correct.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a correct pair?

  1. Iliac artery - supply blood to hind limbs

  2. Iliac vein - collection of blood from hind limbs

  3. Urethra - passage for urine and sex cells

  4. Ureter - Transfer of urine and sex cells

  5. Renal artery - Collection of blood from the kidneys
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This pair is wrong. Renal artery - Supply of blood to the kidneys.