Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

The urinary system is also known as

  1. the lymphatic system

  2. an immune system

  3. the renal system

  4. the circulatory system

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Urinary System may also be called the Renal System because this group of inter-connected body parts process a liquid substance called urine via specialist organs called the kidneys. The word renal means pertaining to the kidneys, so this group of tissues and organs is either named after the substance it processes (urine; Urinary System), or the organ that does most of the work (kidneys, Renal System).

Multiple choice

Which among the following can be excluded from the functions of excretory system?

  1. Regulation of the pH of the blood:

  2. Transportation of nutrients, oxygen and hormones in the body.

  3. Regulation of the ionic composition of blood

  4. Stimulate production of Red blood cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cardiovascular system transports nutrients, oxygen and hormones to the cells of the body. At the same time, it removes the wastes produced by bodily functions. These include gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen as well as heat that is emitted by the functions of the body.

Multiple choice

___________ is a term generally used for excretory system.

  1. The digestive system

  2. The nervous system

  3. The integumantary system

  4. The urinary system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Urinary system is also known as excretory system of human body. It is the system of production, storage and elimination of urine. Formation and elimination of urine is important for human body because urine contains nitrogenous wastes of the body that must be eliminated to maintain homeostasis.

Multiple choice

Formation of urine takes place in ___________.

  1. kidneys

  2. ureters

  3. urinary bladder

  4. urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kidneys are the major organs of urinary system. Formation of urine takes place in kidneys which are two bean shaped organs lying close to the lumbar spine, one on each side of the body.

Multiple choice

The structural & functional unit of kidneys are

  1. alveolus

  2. osteocyte

  3. nephron

  4. neurons

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.

Multiple choice

Which of the following hormones are secreted by kidney?

  1. Ghrelin

  2. Calcitriol

  3. Calcitonin

  4. Glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In addition to its excretory and homeostatic roles, the kidneys also release two important hormones into the blood. These are: 1.Erythropoietin, which acts on bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells, and 2.Calcitriol- which promotes the absorption of calcium from food in the intestine and acts directly on bones to shift calcium into the bloodstream.

Multiple choice

______________ acts as a temporary storage reservoir for urine.

  1. Kidneys

  2. Ureters

  3. Urinary bladder

  4. Urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The urinary bladder is a temporary storage reservoir for urine. It is located in the pelvic cavity, posterior to the symphysis pubis, and below the parietal peritoneum. The size and shape of the urinary bladder varies with the amount of urine it contains and with the pressure it receives from surrounding organs

Multiple choice

Among the following the non-enveloped virus is

  1. Ascovirus

  2. Baculoviruses

  3. Adenoviruses

  4. Fusellovirus

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Adenoviruses are medium-sized (90-100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) icosahedral viruses composed of a nucleocapsid and a double-stranded linear DNA genome.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding kidneys?

  1. The kidneys are the main excretory organs.

  2. Each kidney is bean-shaped and located in the abdomen.

  3. Kidneys are present one on either side of the backbone.

  4. The right kidney is placed a little higher than the left kidney.

  5. Function of kidney is also to regulate pH of the blood.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is incorrect. It is the left kidney that is placed a little higher than the right kidney. Yes, apart from removing the poisonous substances such as urea and other wastes from blood, this is another function of the kidney.

Multiple choice

What is nephrostome?

  1. The main tubular part of nephridia

  2. The funnel-shaped inner opening of a nephridium that is lined with cilia and allows water and waste to enter from the body cavity

  3. The short and narrow tube where nephridial duct opens

  4. A large number of smaller nephridia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nephrostome is the funnel-shaped inner opening of a nephridium that is lined with cilia and allows water and waste to enter from the body cavity. It is the upper part of nephridia.