Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Kidney is involved in the excretion of

  1. urea, extra salts and excess water

  2. extra urea, salts and extra water

  3. extra urea, extra water and extra amino acids

  4. extra urea, extra salts and carbohydrates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kidney is involved in the excretion of urea, extra salts and excess water.

Multiple choice

Bladder is the muscular bag which stores

  1. blood

  2. urine

  3. cells

  4. tissues
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine produced by the kidneys before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 400-600ml of urine in adults. The bladder expands as it fills and contracts during urination.

Multiple choice

A/An _________ is the functional unit of the kidney.

  1. electron

  2. sclera

  3. nephron

  4. capillary

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The nephron is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and produces urine. Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons, which consist of glomeruli and renal tubules. Electrons are subatomic particles, sclera is eye white tissue, and capillaries are small blood vessels but not kidney functional units.

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases originates from the malformation of the kidney during fetal development in humans?

  1. Hydronephrosis

  2. Duplicated ureter

  3. Horseshoe kidney

  4. Multicystic dysplastic kidney

  5. Renal agenesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a condition that results from the malformation of the kidney during fetal development. The kidney consists of irregular cysts of varying sizes and has no function. Multicystic dysplastic kidney is the most common type of renal cystic disease, and it is one of the most common causes of an abdominal mass in infants.

Multiple choice

Dialysis is a treatment given to patients having disorder in the

  1. stomach

  2. liver

  3. brain

  4. kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dialysis is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly. The kidneys normally filter blood, but when they fail due to chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury, dialysis machines perform this essential function. Options A (stomach), B (liver), and C (brain) are incorrect because dialysis is not used to treat disorders of these organs.