Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Where does the Ultra-filtration occurs?

  1. PCT (Proximal Convoluted tubule)

  2. DCT (Distal Convoluted tubule)

  3. Henle’s Loop

  4. Vasa Rectae

  5. Bowman’s capsule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This phenomenon occurs in the Bowman’s capsule.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a property of Urine?

  1. Colour - Straw yellow colour

  2. Volume - Normally 1 - 1.5 liters per day

  3. pH - 2-3

  4. Specific gravity - 1.003 to 1.035

  5. Odour - On standing, the smell of urine becomes strong, ammonia-like, due to bacterial activity, otherwise faint smell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The pH - 5-8, i.e., it is slightly acidic (pH=6).

Multiple choice

In kidneys, glucose is mainly absorbed in

  1. Bowman’s capsule

  2. loop of Henle

  3. proximal convoluted tubule

  4. distal convoluted tubule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In kidneys, glucose is mainly absorbed in proximal convoluted tubule.

Multiple choice

______ is the series of reactions which results in the production of urea.

  1. Krebs cycle

  2. TCA cycle

  3. EMP pathway

  4. Ornithine cycle

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in many animals. Organisms that cannot easily and quickly remove ammonia usually have to convert it to some other substance, like urea or uric acid, which are much less toxic. Insufficiency of the urea cycle occurs in some genetic disorders (inborn errors of metabolism), and in liver failure. The result of liver failure is accumulation of nitrogenous waste, mainly ammonia, which leads to hepatic encephalopathy.

Multiple choice

As the ureters pass obliquely through the bladder wall, their openings get shut. Why?

  1. Due to the compression of contracting bladder muscles to prevent the backward flow of urine

  2. Due to the contraction of abdominal cavity to prevent the loss of excess salts and proteins

  3. Due to the contraction of urethral orifice to prevent the excretion of useful vitamins and minerals

  4. Due to the contraction of sphincter muscles of bladder to prevent the loss of hormonal secretion and antibodies

  5. Due to the compression of collecting tube to maintain osmoregulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

As the ureters pass obliquely through the bladder wall, their openings get shut due to compression of the contracting bladder muscles to prevent the backward flow of urine.

Multiple choice

Public urinals give a pungent smell due to the conversion of

  1. both urea and uric acid into ammonia

  2. uric acid into ammonia by ornithine cycle

  3. urea into ammonia by bacteria

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In public urinals, the urine gives a pungent smell due to the conversion of urea into ammonia by bacteria.

Multiple choice

Diuresis is a condition characterised by

  1. increase in urine volume

  2. increased glucose excretion

  3. decrease in urine volume

  4. decrease in electrolyte balance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 Diuresis is a condition characterised by increase in urine volume.