Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,268 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

Continental Plates are _________.

  1. thinner than Oceanic Plates

  2. thicker than Oceanic Plates

  3. equal in thickness to Oceanic Plates

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Continental plates are composed primarily of granitic rocks, which are less dense and thicker than the basaltic rocks that make up oceanic plates. Because they are less dense, they 'float' higher on the mantle, resulting in greater thickness.

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

The great rift valley of East Africa is a notable example for the process of ________.

  1. folding

  2. faulting

  3. volcanic activity

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Great Rift Valley is formed by the divergence of tectonic plates, which causes the crust to crack and drop down between parallel faults. This process is known as faulting.

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

The fragmented outermost layers of earth are known as _____.

  1. Crusts

  2. Plates

  3. Cores

  4. Zones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Currently, geologists are working on the theory of plate tectonics. Geologically speaking, a "plate" is a large, rigid slab of rock. The theory of plate tectonics states that the earth's outermost, rigid layer, the lithosphere, is fragmented into a dozen or more irregularly shaped plates that are riding atop a hotter, more mobile material, the asthenosphere.

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

Tectonic plate boundaries may be _________.

  1. Convergent

  2. Divergent
  3. Both $(1)$ and $(2)$

  4. None ofthese
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. When two plates come together, it is known as a convergent boundary. 

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

Which of the following movement give rise to continents?

  1. Orogenic movement

  2. Epiorogenic movement

  3. Rapid movement

  4. Mass movement
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

 The word Epeirogenetic consists of two words viz, 'epiros' means continent and 'genesis' means origin. So eperiogenetic movement gives rise to the continent. Epeirogenetic movement causes upliftment  and subsidence of continental masses through upward and downward movements respectively. Both, the movements are vertical movement. 

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

The movements in the interior of the earth caused by continuous and slow emission of energy are called _____________.

  1. slow movement

  2. weathering

  3. rapid movement

  4. mass movement
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Powerful internal forces operating from within the crust are called Earth Movements which bring about vast changes on the earth's surface are called Earth Movements. They may be slow and sudden. Slow movements occurs at a very slow rate and continue much longer as compared to our life span. These movements are relative to each other, the land advancing against sea is termed as negative movement and the sea advancing on land is known as positive movement.


Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

The surface relief of the earth is moulded by which of the following forces?

  1. Tectonic

  2. Gradational

  3. Both a and b

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Earth's surface relief is shaped by both internal (endogenic) forces like tectonic activity and external (exogenic) forces like weathering and erosion, which are known as gradational forces.

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

When the tectonic plates move away from each other it is called _____________.

  1. convergent plate

  2. drifting plate

  3. static plates

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The movement of the plates results in the building up of stresses within the plates and the continental rocks above, leading to folding, faulting, and volcanic activity. When the tectonic plates move away from each other it is called a drifting plate.
Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

The movements that give rise to mountains are called ______________.

  1. rapid movements

  2. epiorogenic movements

  3. orogenic movements

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The word Orogeny is derived from a Greek word 'Oros' meaning mountain. The orogenic movements are due to horizontal forces in earth's crust, as a result of which rock-strata are crumpled and folded. It is this movement that give rise to mountains.

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

Which one of the following is most prone to earthquakes?

  1. Coastal plains

  2. Old shields

  3. Plateaus

  4. Young folded mountains
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Young folded mountains, such as the Himalayas, are located at active plate boundaries where crustal deformation is ongoing, making them the most prone to earthquakes compared to stable old shields or plains.

Multiple choice geography our changing earth earthquake and volcanoes earthquake earthquakes

The ___________ is the point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus of the earthquake.

  1. Stress

  2. Fault lines

  3. Epicentre

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus (or hypocenter) where the earthquake originates.

Multiple choice geography our changing earth earthquake and volcanoes earthquake earthquakes

Volcanic activities and seismic occurrences are __________.

  1. Interrelated

  2. Different

  3. Same

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Volcanic activities refer to pouring out of hot magma from weak layers of the earth's crust while seismic occurrences are the shaking of the earth's crust due to the release of energy at plate boundaries. Both the phenomenon occur at the plate boundaries of the earth crust, and they draw energy from the same sources. Thus both are interrelated.