Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,345 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice evs when there is a disaster disaster and types disasters forest fire

Point of origin of earthquake is called

  1. Seismic focus

  2. Epicentre

  3. Tectonic fault

  4. Tectonic gap.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The seismic focus (or hypocenter) is the point inside the Earth where an earthquake rupture starts, while the epicenter is the point on the surface directly above it.

Multiple choice evs when there is a disaster disaster and types disasters forest fire

Earthquakes are caused due to

  1. The shift of the tectonic plates present on the earths crust

  2. The shift of the tectonic plates present on the earths core

  3. The shift of the tectonic plates present on the earths mantle

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Earthquake is a sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust and the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
  • Tectonic plates are pieces of Earth's crust. Together with upper mantle, it is called the lithosphere.
  • Earthquakes are caused due to the shift of the tectonic plates present on the crust of the earth.
  • So, the correct answer is 'The shift of the tectonic plates present on the earth crust'.
Multiple choice evs when there is a disaster disaster and types disasters forest fire

How are earthquakes recorded?

  1. By a seismograph

  2. With the help of quake meter

  3. Richter meter

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Earthquake is a sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust and the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
  • A seismograph, or seismometer, is an instrument used to detect and record earthquakes. Generally, it consists of a mass attached to a fixed base. During an earthquake, the base moves and the mass does not.
  • Hence earthquakes recorded by a seismograph.
  • So, the correct answer is 'By a seismograph'.
Multiple choice evs when there is a disaster disaster and types disasters forest fire

Earthquake occurs in the region of jammed tectonic plates during

  1. Jamming

  2. Build up of pressure after jamming

  3. Release of stress from the area of jammed tectonic plates

  4. Both B and C.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of accumulated energy when tectonic plates, which have been locked or jammed, finally slip past each other. This release of stress generates seismic waves.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

The weak zone around the boundaries of plates underneath the Earth, which is prone to slide and cause an earthquake is commonly known as :

  1. Fault zone

  2. Eruption zone

  3. Explosive zone

  4. Sliding zone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The weak zone around the boundaries of plates underneath the Earth, which  is prone to slide and cause an earthquake is known as Seismic or Fault Zones.

The correct option is A.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Waves produced during in earthquake are _____waves. .

  1. ultrasonic

  2. infrasonic

  3. audible

  4. both (1) and (2)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Earthquakes produce seismic waves that travel through the earth. These waves, particularly the primary waves, often have frequencies below the human audible range, classifying them as infrasonic.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

The point where the waves originate is called the _______ of the earthquake

  1. centre

  2. epicenter

  3. focus

  4. origin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is C.

The point where the waves originate is called the focus of the earthquake.
The point within the earth along the rupturing geological fault where an earthquake originates is called the focus, or hypocenter. The point on the earth's surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter. Earthquake waves begin to radiate out from the focus and subsequently form along the fault rupture. If the focus is near the surface between 0 and 70 km (0 and 40 mi) deepshallow-focus earthquakes are produced. If it is intermediate or deep below the crust between 70 and 700 km (40 and 400 mi) deepa deep-focus earthquake will be produced. Shallow-focus earthquakes tend to be larger, and therefore more damaging, earthquakes. This is because they are closer to the surface where the rocks are stronger and build up more strain.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

An earthquake is caused by

  1. shaking of the earth

  2. strain building up in the tectonic plates

  3. plates slipping along the fault lines

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

An earthquake is caused by shaking of the earth, strain building up in the tectonic plates, plates slipping along the fault lines, etc.
Earthquake is shaking of the earth's surface caused by rapid movement of the earth's rocky outer layer. Earthquakes occur when energy stored within the earth, usually in the form of strain in rocks, suddenly releases. This energy is transmitted to the surface of the earth by earthquake waves.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

The epicenter is the point inside the earth where the earthquake originates

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Ambiguous

  4. Data insufficient
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is B.

The point within the earth along the rupturing geological fault where an earthquake originates is called the focus, or hypocenter. The point on the earth's surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter. Earthquake waves begin to radiate out from the focus and subsequently form along the fault rupture. 
Hence, the statement is false.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Earthquake and tsunamis are difficult to predict

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is A.

Earthquakes are caused by by shaking of the earth, strain building up in the tectonic plates, plates slipping along the fault lines, etc. and the Tsunamis can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, underwater detonations and even landslides.
Because we cant get deep enough into the Earth to see what happens before an earthquake or tsunami happens, therefore we cant predict when its coming.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

A seismograph is a scale use for measuring the magnitudes of earthquakes

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Ambiguous

  4. Data insufficient
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is B.

Seismograph is an instrument that makes a record of seismic waves caused by an earthquake, explosion, or other Earth-shaking phenomenon. Seismographs are equipped with electromagnetic sensors that translate ground motions into electrical changes, which are processed and recorded by the instruments analog or digital circuits. A record produced by a seismograph on a display screen or paper printout is called a seismogram.
Hence, it is not a scale and the statement is false.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

The term used to describe a fracture along the earth's crust is

  1. aftershock

  2. fault

  3. focus

  4. tremor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is B.

The fracture along blocks of crust (tectonic plates) is called a fault or fault line.
A fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement along the fractures as a result of earth movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as subduction zones or transform faults. Energy release associated with rapid movement on active faults is the cause of most earthquakes.