Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,345 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

Fold mountains are the result of large-scale earth movements caused by:

  1. heat in earth's crust

  2. stresses in the earth's crust

  3. movement in the earth's crust

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The crust of the earth is made up of different strata of rocks. As a result of movement inside the earth, these rock strata at times are forced up and down and thus fold mountain are created. So fold mountain are the result of large-scale earth movement caused by stresses in the earth's crust.

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

The lithosphere includes:

  1. asthenosphere and mesosphere

  2. crust and uppermost, rigid mantle

  3. outer core and lower mantle

  4. outer core and inner core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Earth mainly consists of four layers namely crust, mantle, outer core and inner core.

Lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the earth which includes crust and uppermost mantle.

Crust: This is about 8 km thick inside and is highly explored. The continental crust is composed mostly of granite. The oceanic crust consists of a volcanic lava rock called basalt.

Mantle: It is composed mostly of silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron.

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

SIAL and SIMA are the divisions of __________.

  1. lithosphere

  2. hydrosphere

  3. biosphere

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The topmost layer of the earth is solid, the thinnest and the lightest and is known as lithosphere. The lithosphere has two layer- the outer part and the inner part. The outer part which is immediately below the newer sedimentary formation, i.e, crust. The outer layer of lithosphere mainly found under the continent and inner layer it mostly found partly under oceans. The inner layer again has three layers, i.e, SIAL which is made of silica and aluminum. The average thickness is 8 to 100 km. The layer next to it is SIMA makeup of silica and magnesium and an average thickness of this layer is 100 to 2900 km. The innermost layer is NIFE madeup of nickel and ferrous and the density is 5.1 to 13.

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

The crust of the Earth, by and large, is ___________.

  1. rocky

  2. plain

  3. wrinkled

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The earth's crust is the outermost layer of the earth which has cooled down while the inner layers are still burning. When things cool after burning they get wrinkled up hence the earth's crust is largely wrinkled.
  • It is plain, plateau and mountainous at different places and rocky as well. The most appropriate answer is option C ie wrinkled.
Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

Which of the following phenomena causes the shape of the Earth?

  1. Internal structure

  2. Atmospheric pressure

  3. Rotation

  4. Revolution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Earth is slightly bulged out towards the equator due to the spin. If the rotation stops, the shape might not change immediately, but water and atmosphere would go to the poles making it thicker there. Mid way through the equator and poles, the region will have moderate pressure. Gravity makes it spherical. Earth spin then extends it out at the equator and flattens it at the poles.

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

The middle layer of the earth's interior is called _________.

  1. Mantle

  2. Core

  3. Crust

  4. Magma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mental is the middle layer of the earth lies between crust and core. The average thickness of this layer is 100 to 2900 km. Silica and magnesium elements predominate in this layer so it is known as SIMA.  Density of the layer varies between 3.1 to 5.00. It has two layers: upper mantle and lower mantle.  

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

The thinnest layer of the earth is ____________.

  1. crust

  2. mantle

  3. inner core

  4. outer core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth, amounting for less than 1% of our planet's volume

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

The boundary that separates the mantle from the core is called _________.

  1. Gutenberg Discontinuity

  2. Mohorovicic Discontinuity

  3. Core Boundary

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Gutenberg Discontinuity is the boundary layer between the Earth's mantle and the outer core, characterized by a significant change in seismic wave velocity.

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

Which is the right sequence of the different layers of the earth's interior?

  1. SIAL, SIMA, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, NIFE

  2. SIMA, SIAL, Asthenosphere, NIFE, Mesosphere

  3. Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, SIAL, SIMA, NIFE

  4. NIFE, SIAL, SIMA, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Earth's interior is composed of layers based on composition and density: SIAL (crust), SIMA (lower crust/upper mantle), Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, and NIFE (core).

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

The innermost layer of the earth's interior is called _____________.

  1. SIAL

  2. SIMA

  3. NIFE

  4. Core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The innermost layer of the earth is core. This central mass mainly made of nickel and iron and therefore is known as NIFE. The density of the layer is 5.1 to 13.00. It is composed of heaviest mineral materials. The core contains 1/3 of the entire mass of the earth. It has two layers outer metallic core and inner metallic core.

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

The innermost layer of the earth is _______.

  1. crust

  2. core

  3. mantle

  4. magma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The core is the innermost layer of the earth with density 5.1 to 13.00. It composed of heaviest minerals. This central mass is mainly made of nickel and iron and therefore is known as NIFE. The core contains 1/3 of the entire mass of the earth. The materials of this part may be liquid, plastic or even solid state due to tremendous pressure from above.

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

Lithosphere consists of

  1. Crust of earth

  2. Upper part of mantle

  3. Both A and B

  4. Crust and asthenosphere
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The lithosphere is the outer solid shell of the Earth and consists of all the mountains, rocks, stones, top soil and sand found on the planet.
  • The lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle. It also includes all the rocks under the sea and under the surface of the Earth.
Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

The layer just below the crust is called the ________.

  1. sial

  2. sima

  3. mantle

  4. core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The layer just below the crust is called the mantle. This layer is the layer of basalt rock which is heavier than the topmost layer. The density of this layer varies from 3.1 to 5.00. The average thickness of this layer is 100 to 2900 km. Silica and magnesium elements predominate and it is popularly known as SIMA.

Multiple choice geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world components of earth earth and structure

The thinnest layer of the earth is ___________.

  1. Crust

  2. Mantle

  3. Core

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth, amounting for less than 1% of our planet's volume.