Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,268 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Seismic waves that vibrate perpendicular to the direction of their path.

  1. Spread on the surface of the earth

  2. Travel through the solid as well as other parts of the earth

  3. Travel through the solid parts of the earth only

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Seismic waves that vibrate perpendicular to the direction of motion travel through the solid parts of earth only.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Earthquake is also known as :

  1. nektons

  2. blusters

  3. temblors

  4. flickers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An earthquake also known as a temblor, quake, tremor is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Which of the following is/are true regarding Earthquake ?

  1. It refers to shaking of the Earth.

  2. It occurs due to release of energy.

  3. It generates waves that travel in all direction.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Earth's crust is broken up into large pieces called tectonic plates. Tectonic plates are giant pieces of the Earth's crust that fit together and move around on the Earth's surface. Tectonic plates are constantly moving slowly, but sometimes friction between them causes them lock together and become unable to move. The rest of the plates carry on moving, which leads to increased pressure on the locked section. Eventually, the locked section succumbs to the pressure, and the plates move past each other rapidly. This movement causes a tectonic earthquake. The waves of released energy move through the Earth's crust in all direction and cause the shaking we feel at an earthquake site.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Which of the following Earth's plates is responsible for causing an earthquake?

  1. The crust of the earth

  2. The mantle of the earth

  3. The inner core of the earth

  4. The outer core of the earth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Most earthquakes are tectonic earthquakes, which happen when the large, thin plates of the Earth's crust called tectonic plates become stuck as they move past one another. They lock together, and pressure builds up. When they finally release, earthquakes occur.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Earthquake at two places A and B were measured by a seismograph which recorded the magnitude as 2 and 4. The magnitude of tremors and its destructive energy at A and B can be compared as:

  1. Tremor at B are two times that at place A

  2. Tremor at B are four times that at place A

  3. Tremor at B are 100 times that at place A

  4. Tremor at B are 1000 times that at place A
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

As the magnitude records by seismograph at a place is more by 1, the magnitude of tremors will be 10 times more. Hence, the magnitude of tremors at 'B' are 100 times than at place 'A' since they differ by 2 in magnitude.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Name the scale on which the destructive energy of an earthquake is measured.

  1. Temperature scale

  2. Vector scale

  3. Richter scale

  4. Energy scale
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. Adjustments are included in the magnitude formula to compensate for the variation in the distance between the various seismographs and the epicenter of the earthquakes. On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. For example, a magnitude of 5.3 might be computed for a moderate earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be rated as magnitude 6.3. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude; as an estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the amount associated with the preceding whole number value.
The Richter scale has the readings from 1 to 10. The reading of magnitude 3 on the Richter scale would be recorded by a seismograph. If the Richter scale gives a reading of magnitude 3, then the earthquake is not likely to cause much damage. Generally, earthquake of magnitudes higher than 7 is considered destructive in nature.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Earthquake at two places A and B were measured by a seismograph which recorded the magnitude as 2 and 4. The magnitude of tremors and its destructive energy at A and B can be compared as under:

  1. Tremor at B is 2 times to that at place A

  2. Tremor at B is 4 times to that at place A

  3. Tremor at B is 100 times to that at place A

  4. Tremor at B is 1000 times to that at place A
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Richter scale is not a linear scale. It is a logarithmic scale. A difference in magnitude of $2$ implies a multiplication factor of $10^2 = 100$.

Multiple choice physics structure of earth seismic waves and tsunami causes of earthquakes origin of earth and its internal energy transfer of charge lightning safety

Earthquake at two places A and B were measured by a seismograph which recorded the magnitude as 2 and 4. The magnitude of tremors and its destructive energy at A and B can be compared as under

  1. tremor at B are two times that at place 'A'

  2. tremor at B are four times that at place 'A'

  3. tremor at B are 100 times that at place 'A'

  4. tremor at B are 1000 times that at place 'A'
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Richter scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole number increase represents a 10-fold increase in measured amplitude. A difference of 2 units (4 - 2 = 2) corresponds to an increase in amplitude by 10^2 = 100 times.

Multiple choice geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world components of earth earth and structure

Tick the correct answer.
The thinnest layer of the earth is?

  1. Crust

  2. Mantle

  3. Core

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The thinnest layer of the earth is Crust.
The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth, amounting for less than 1% of our planet's volume.

Multiple choice geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world components of earth earth and structure

Which of the following is responsible for the movement of plates?

  1. The rust and the mantle are composed in different ways.

  2. They are convered by the oceanic crust far exceeds that of the continental crust.

  3. The inner core is solid through its temperature exceeds that of the outer and the mantle.

  4. There is huge temperature difference between the top bottom the mantle.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The enormous temperature difference between the top and bottom of the mantle creates convection currents that drive plate tectonic movement. Hotter material near the core rises, while cooler material near the crust sinks, creating circular motion that moves the plates above.

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

The uppermost layer over the earth's surface is called the ____________.

  1. Crust

  2. Mantle

  3. Outer core

  4. Inner core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The three main layers of Earth include the crust (1 percent of Earth's volume), the mantle (84 percent), and the core (inner and outer combined, 15 percent). The outermost of all these three is the crust. 

Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

Which of the following statement is correct?

  1. The crust is thicker in the oceans than the continents

  2. The crust is thinner in the continents than on the ocean floors

  3. The crust is thinner in the ocean floors than the continents

  4. The crust is thicker in the continents than in the ocean floors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The average thickness of earth crust at ocean floors- 8 km 
  • The average thickness of earth crust at continents- 32 km
  • Thus the earth crust is thicker at continents as compared to oceans floors.
Multiple choice components of earth geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world earth and structure

 Mohorovicic discontinuity is the boundary between ________ and _________.

  1. crust and core

  2. mantle and core

  3. crust and mantle

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Mohorovicic Discontinuity, or Moho is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. This boundary is located at approximately 2891 km depth beneath the Earth's surface. The boundary is observed via the discontinuity in seismic wave velocities at that depth. This discontinuity is due to the differences between the acoustic impedances of the solid mantle and the molten outer core.