Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,268 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice geography our changing earth earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms

Vibrations of the earth surface caused by earth movements are known as _________.

  1. Earthquake

  2. Focus

  3. Epicentre

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Earthquake refers to a sudden violent shaking and vibration of the earth's surface resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity. Earthquakes can cause serious destruction to property, injury to people and even death. It happens when there is sudden movement or breaking of the tectonic plates.

Multiple choice geography the signature of time movement of the earth's plates development of landforms study of continents - north america biosphere and landscape

Western Ghats are formed as a result of ______________.

  1. Accumulation of rocks

  2. Eastward tilting of peninsular block

  3. Faulting of earth's crust

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Western Ghats are an escarpment formed by the faulting and subsequent subsidence of the western part of the Indian peninsula during the breakup of Gondwanaland. This created the steep western face of the mountains.

Multiple choice geography the signature of time movement of the earth's plates development of landforms study of continents - north america biosphere and landscape

Forces which act in the interior of the earth are called as _______________.

  1. Exogenic forces

  2. Endogenic forces

  3. Eurogenic forces

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The horizontal and vertical movements caused by the forces coming from the origin of the earth are known as endogenic forces. The origin of the endogenic force is caused by the contraction and expansion of rocks due to variation in thermal conditions and temperature inside the earth.

Multiple choice geography study of continents - north america movement of the earth's plates development of landforms the signature of time

 Two halves in which Earth is divided are called _______________.

    1. ridges

    2. trenches

    3. equators

    4. hemispheres
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    The Hemispheres of the Earth in geography and cartography refer to any division of the globe into two hemispheres. The most common such divisions are by latitudinal or longitudinal markers:

    North-South

    Northern Hemisphere, the half that is north of the equator

    Southern Hemisphere, the half that lies south of the equator,

    East-West

    Eastern Hemisphere, the half that lies east of the prime meridian and west of the 180th meridian

    Western Hemisphere, the half that lies west of the prime meridian and east of the 180th meridian

    Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

    The area associated with the greatest frequency of earthquakes is ____________________.

    1. Eastern coastal areas of Asia

    2. Northern coastal areas of Europe

    3. West coast of North and South America

    4. Western coastal areas of Africa
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    The Pacific Ring of Fire, which includes the west coasts of North and South America and the eastern coastal areas of Asia, is the region with the highest frequency of earthquakes.

    Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

    The point from where earthquake originates is called ____________.

    1. Crust

    2. Earth

    3. Surface

    4. Focus
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

    An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter.

    Multiple choice geography hazards tsunami coastal erosion and earthquake major hazards in india and prevention

    The devastating sea waves caused by an earthquake are called ________________.

    1. Hawaii

    2. Landslides

    3. Eruptions

    4. Tsunamis
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    • A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
    • Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.

    Multiple choice geography lithosphere and landforms earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms

    The intensity of earthquake is measured on the _________.

    1. richter scale

    2. kelvin scale

    3. mercury scale

    4. all of the above
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    Answer is A.

    The intensity of earthquake is measure on the richter scale.
    The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. Adjustments are included in the magnitude formula to compensate for the variation in the distance between the various seismographs and the epicenter of the earthquakes. On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. For example, a magnitude of 5.3 might be computed for a moderate earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be rated as magnitude 6.3. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude; as an estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the amount associated with the preceding whole number value.

    Multiple choice geography lithosphere and landforms earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms

    The strength of an earthquake is rated on a scale called Richter scale.

    1. True

    2. False
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. Adjustments are included for the variation in the distance between the various seismographs and the epicenter of the earthquakes. On the Richter scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions.

    Multiple choice geography lithosphere and landforms earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms

    The probabilistic assessment of general earthquake hazards is called as __________.

    1. Earthquake forecasting

    2. Earthquake prediction

    3. Both a and b

    4. None of these
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    Earthquake forecasting refers to the probabilistic assessment of hazards, whereas prediction implies specifying a precise time, location, and magnitude, which is currently not scientifically possible.

    Multiple choice geography lithosphere and landforms earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms

    Earthquake prediction is a branch of __________.

    1. Seismology

    2. Microbiology

    3. Bacteriology

    4. None of these
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation
    • Seismology is the study of earthquakes which involves the prediction of earthquakes, hence option A is correct.
    • Microbiology is the study of microorganisms and bacteriology is the study of bacteria, thus both are incorrect.
    Multiple choice evs mud and stones importance of soil in agriculture soil - formation, profile and properties soil as a natural resource

    Tectonics is the study of .................

    1. Volcanos

    2. Earth's crust

    3. Sand dunes

    4. Sun
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation

    Tectonic is the study of the earth's crust. Tectonics is concerned with the processes which control the structure and properties of the Earth's crust, and its evolution through time. It was considered that earth was made up of tectonic plates. Tectonics also provides a framework to understand the earthquake and volcanic belts which directly affect much of the global population. Tectonic studies are important for understanding erosion patterns in geomorphology and search for petroleum and metallic ores. 

    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

    Multiple choice geography endogenetic movements endogenic process and creation of mountains major domains of the earth land and oceans study of continents - north america earth's movement and creation of landforms earthquake earthquakes

    Which valley is formed as a result of tectonic forces?

    1. 'V' -shaped valley

    2. 'U' -shaped valle

    3. Hanging valley

    4. Rift valley
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    A rift valley is a lowland region that forms where Earth's tectonic plates move apart, or rift. This is a direct result of tectonic forces, unlike V-shaped valleys (river erosion) or U-shaped valleys (glacial erosion).