Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,268 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice

The Himalayas are formed due to the

  1. internal pressure of two large land forms

  2. faulting of the earth’s crust

  3. folding of the earth’s crust

  4. folding of the geo–syncline named Tethys
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The excessive shrinking of the geosynclines, caused folding and the surplus sediments were raised as the Himalayan mountains.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is/are the correct characteristic (s) of primary seismic wave?

  1. It is a longitudinal and compressional wave

  2. It is analogous to sound waves

  3. It travels with faster speed through solids but slowly through liquids

  4. All the above three
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 The correct characteristic (s) of primary seismic wave are :

  1. It is a longitudinal and compressional wave.
  2. It is analogous to sound waves.
  3. It travels with faster speed through solids but slowly through liquids.
Multiple choice

Which of the following are formed due to collision of continental plates?

  1. The Alps
  2. The Himalayas
  3. The Rockies
  4. The Caucasus MountainsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below:

  1. 1, 2 and 3

  2. 2, 3 and 4

  3. 1, 2 and 4

  4. 1, 3 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 The Alps (continental-continental plate collision). The Himalaya (Continental-continental plate collission, Eurasion and Indian plate). The Rockies (Oceanic-Continental plate collision, Pacific and American Plate). The Caucasus Mountains (Continental-continental plate collision).

Multiple choice

With reference to earthquakes, which one of the following statements is not correct?

  1. L waves travel along the surface of the earth's crust.

  2. As the P waves propagate, they move material in a path parallel to the direction of movement.

  3. S waves move objects at right angles to their direction of motion.

  4. S waves propagate through even liquid material.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

S waves (secondary or shear waves) are transverse waves that can only propagate through solid materials. They cannot travel through liquid, which is why they are blocked by the Earth's liquid outer core.

Multiple choice

What are Geosynclines?

  1. Arched upfolds in the strata of the earth's crust.

  2. Major structural downfolds in the earth's crust.

  3. Large scale rises in the earth's crust.

  4. Sliding of plate margins inside the earth's crust.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Geosynclines are large-scale, linear depressions in the Earth's crust that accumulate thick layers of sediment over long periods, eventually becoming mountain ranges.

Multiple choice

When does excarpment develop ?

  1. When a block steps down along a fault plane.

  2. When a block moves down vertically along a fault plane.

  3. When a block moves horizontally along a fault plane.

  4. When a block moves upward along a fault plane.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that occurs from erosion or faulting and separates two areas of differing elevations. It typically forms when a block moves vertically along a fault plane.

Multiple choice

What is lithosphere?

  1. The combination of continental and oceanic crust

  2. The combination of lower mantle and outer core

  3. The combination of lower crust and upper mantle

  4. The combination of inner and outer core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer