Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,268 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice geography endogenetic movements earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms endogenic process and creation of mountains

Which instrument record the direction of movement of earthquake waves?

  1. Richter scale

  2. Seismograph

  3. Mercalli scale

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A seismograph or seismometer is an instrument which is used to record the direction of movement of earthquake waves. The first seismograph was invented in 132 A.D. by the Chinese astronomer and mathematician Chang Heng.

Multiple choice geography endogenetic movements earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms endogenic process and creation of mountains

Which of the following is/are the measuring instrument of earthquake?

  1. Seismograph

  2. Richter Scale

  3. Mercalli Scale

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All three following instruments are useful in measuring the seismic activity under the earth's surface. A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground motions, such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. Richter scale a quantitative measure of an earthquake's magnitude. The modified Mercalli intensity scale also measures the effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface. 

Multiple choice geography endogenetic movements earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms endogenic process and creation of mountains

The Mercalli scale grades the earthquake on _____________.

  1. 10-point scale

  2. 12-point scale

  3. 15-point scale

  4. 20-point scale
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The modified Mercalli intensity scale also measures the effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface. The Mercalli scale grades the earthquake on a 12-point scale. The intensity scale helps to analyze the data by constructing isoseismal curves, which are lines that connect points of equal intensity. 

Multiple choice geography endogenetic movements earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms endogenic process and creation of mountains

Which of the following is used to measure the intensity of earthquakes?

  1. Mercalli scale

  2. Richter scale

  3. Both A and B

  4. Saffir-Simpson scale
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • There are a number of ways to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. The first widely-used method, the Richter scale, was developed by Charles F. Richter in 1934. It used a formula based on the amplitude of the largest wave recorded on a specific type of seismometer and the distance between the earthquake and the seismometer.
  • Another way to measure the strength of an earthquake is to use the Mercalli scale. Invented by Giuseppe Mercalli in 1902, this scale uses the observations of the people who experienced the earthquake to estimate its intensity.

Multiple choice geography endogenetic movements earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms endogenic process and creation of mountains

The instrument recording earthquake is called _____________.

  1. Cascograph

  2. Seismograph

  3. Earth machine

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground motions, such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. Seismometers are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph

Multiple choice safety precautions to be taken while handling electricity electric charge and electric current physics ohm's law current electricity

The plate of earthing is surrounded by a mixture of _______to make a good earth connection. Fill in the blank. 

  1. Salt

  2. Charcoal

  3. Both

  4. None of the above

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The copper plate is surrounded by a mixture of charcoal and salt to make a good earth connection. To keep the ground damp, water is poured through the pipe from time to time.

Multiple choice geography volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes development of landforms earthquakes and volcanoes types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes
What causes the sudden movements of the earth?

  1. Volcano

  2. Folding

  3. Flood plain

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sudden movements of the earth can be noticed during the eruption of a volcano. Sudden movements, caused by sudden endogenetic forces coming from deep within the earth, cause such sudden and rapid events that these cause massive destruction at and below the earth's surface. These forces work very quickly and their results are seen within minutes.

Multiple choice geography our changing earth volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes

In some eruptions, mud flows are forced over the ________.

  1. earth's mantle

  2. ocean bed

  3. earth's surface

  4. earth's core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mud flows are a flowage of water-saturated earth material possessing a high degree of fluidity during movement. A less-saturated flowing mass is often called a debris flow. A mudflow originating on the flank of a volcano which generally flows through the surface of the Earth.

Multiple choice geography our changing earth volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes

Magma which is forced onto Earth's surface is known as _________.

  1. vent

  2. cone

  3. lava

  4. magma chamber
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Magma, when comes out on the surface of the earth through the volcanic opening, is called lava, hence option C is correct.
  • The vent is the volcanic opening on earth's surface.
  • Cone is the structure of the volcano formed as a heap of cooled materials that come out of volcanic eruptions
  • The magma chamber is the pool of magma beneath the surface of the earth.
Multiple choice geography the signature of time volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes earthquakes and volcanoes

Which is caused by the smaller movements of the earth?

  1. Flood plain

  2. Beach

  3. Volcano

  4. Folding
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Volcanic activity frequently occurs at the boundaries of the Earth's tectonic plates which are a series of large moving blocks. The movement of these plates plays a significant role in the type of volcano formed, which influences its shape. If the movement is smaller, they leads to volcanic eruptions. Larger movements may lead to earthquakes.

Multiple choice geography volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes development of landforms earthquakes and volcanoes types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes

Mt. Fujiyama and Mt. Vesuvius are __________ volcanoes.

  1. Dormant

  2. External

  3. Internal

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mount Fuji is in a Critical State and Could Be Ready To Blow. After 307 years, the massive active volcano in Japan may be due for another eruption as a result of a buildup of pressure from the 9.0-magnitude earthquake that hit the country's eastern coast in 2011.

Mount Vesuvius is the only active volcano in mainland Europe and has produced some of the continent's largest volcanic eruptions. Located on Italy's west coast, it overlooks the Bay and City of Naples and sits in the crater of the ancient Somma volcano.

Multiple choice geography volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes development of landforms earthquakes and volcanoes types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes

Vast basin-shaped volconic mouth is _________.

  1. caldera

  2. crust

  3. crater

  4. vent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Volcanic materials of various sorts are ejected through a pipe and the vent situated at the top of the pipe. The enlarged from of the volcanic vent is known a volcanic crater and caldera.