Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,345 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice geography endogenetic movements earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms endogenic process and creation of mountains

The Mercalli scale grades the earthquake on _____________.

  1. 10-point scale

  2. 12-point scale

  3. 15-point scale

  4. 20-point scale
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The modified Mercalli intensity scale also measures the effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface. The Mercalli scale grades the earthquake on a 12-point scale. The intensity scale helps to analyze the data by constructing isoseismal curves, which are lines that connect points of equal intensity. 

Multiple choice geography endogenetic movements earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms endogenic process and creation of mountains

Which of the following is used to measure the intensity of earthquakes?

  1. Mercalli scale

  2. Richter scale

  3. Both A and B

  4. Saffir-Simpson scale
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • There are a number of ways to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. The first widely-used method, the Richter scale, was developed by Charles F. Richter in 1934. It used a formula based on the amplitude of the largest wave recorded on a specific type of seismometer and the distance between the earthquake and the seismometer.
  • Another way to measure the strength of an earthquake is to use the Mercalli scale. Invented by Giuseppe Mercalli in 1902, this scale uses the observations of the people who experienced the earthquake to estimate its intensity.

Multiple choice geography endogenetic movements earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms endogenic process and creation of mountains

The instrument recording earthquake is called _____________.

  1. Cascograph

  2. Seismograph

  3. Earth machine

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground motions, such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. Seismometers are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph

Multiple choice social studies precautions for natural disasters major hazards in india and prevention tsunami and floods hazards pollution and environment disasters - case studies

Which one of the following is a earthquake-prone area?

  1. East Coast

  2. West Coast

  3. Northern plains

  4. Himalayan mountains
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Himalayan mountain region is located along a major tectonic plate boundary (the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates), making it one of the most seismically active and earthquake-prone areas in the world.

Multiple choice geography volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes development of landforms earthquakes and volcanoes types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes
What causes the sudden movements of the earth?

  1. Volcano

  2. Folding

  3. Flood plain

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sudden movements of the earth can be noticed during the eruption of a volcano. Sudden movements, caused by sudden endogenetic forces coming from deep within the earth, cause such sudden and rapid events that these cause massive destruction at and below the earth's surface. These forces work very quickly and their results are seen within minutes.

Multiple choice geography our changing earth volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes

In some eruptions, mud flows are forced over the ________.

  1. earth's mantle

  2. ocean bed

  3. earth's surface

  4. earth's core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mud flows are a flowage of water-saturated earth material possessing a high degree of fluidity during movement. A less-saturated flowing mass is often called a debris flow. A mudflow originating on the flank of a volcano which generally flows through the surface of the Earth.

Multiple choice geography our changing earth volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes

Magma which is forced onto Earth's surface is known as _________.

  1. vent

  2. cone

  3. lava

  4. magma chamber
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Magma, when comes out on the surface of the earth through the volcanic opening, is called lava, hence option C is correct.
  • The vent is the volcanic opening on earth's surface.
  • Cone is the structure of the volcano formed as a heap of cooled materials that come out of volcanic eruptions
  • The magma chamber is the pool of magma beneath the surface of the earth.
Multiple choice geography the signature of time volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes earthquakes and volcanoes

Which is caused by the smaller movements of the earth?

  1. Flood plain

  2. Beach

  3. Volcano

  4. Folding
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Volcanic activity frequently occurs at the boundaries of the Earth's tectonic plates which are a series of large moving blocks. The movement of these plates plays a significant role in the type of volcano formed, which influences its shape. If the movement is smaller, they leads to volcanic eruptions. Larger movements may lead to earthquakes.

Multiple choice geography volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes development of landforms earthquakes and volcanoes types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes

Mt. Fujiyama and Mt. Vesuvius are __________ volcanoes.

  1. Dormant

  2. External

  3. Internal

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mount Fuji is in a Critical State and Could Be Ready To Blow. After 307 years, the massive active volcano in Japan may be due for another eruption as a result of a buildup of pressure from the 9.0-magnitude earthquake that hit the country's eastern coast in 2011.

Mount Vesuvius is the only active volcano in mainland Europe and has produced some of the continent's largest volcanic eruptions. Located on Italy's west coast, it overlooks the Bay and City of Naples and sits in the crater of the ancient Somma volcano.

Multiple choice geography volcanoes volcanism earthquake and volcanoes development of landforms earthquakes and volcanoes types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes

Vast basin-shaped volconic mouth is _________.

  1. caldera

  2. crust

  3. crater

  4. vent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Volcanic materials of various sorts are ejected through a pipe and the vent situated at the top of the pipe. The enlarged from of the volcanic vent is known a volcanic crater and caldera.

Multiple choice geography our changing earth earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms

Vibrations of the earth surface caused by earth movements are known as _________.

  1. Earthquake

  2. Focus

  3. Epicentre

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Earthquake refers to a sudden violent shaking and vibration of the earth's surface resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity. Earthquakes can cause serious destruction to property, injury to people and even death. It happens when there is sudden movement or breaking of the tectonic plates.

Multiple choice geography our changing earth earthquake earthquakes earth's movement and creation of landforms

The huge mass of ice and snow moving slowly is called __________.

  1. glacier

  2. moraine

  3. magma

  4. lava
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The moving ice mass downslope under the impact of gravity is called a glacier. About 10 percent of the earth's surface is now covered by the glacier. Glacier is formed due to the accumulation of ice above snow-line under extreme cold climate.

Multiple choice geography the signature of time movement of the earth's plates development of landforms study of continents - north america biosphere and landscape

Western Ghats are formed as a result of ______________.

  1. Accumulation of rocks

  2. Eastward tilting of peninsular block

  3. Faulting of earth's crust

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Western Ghats are an escarpment formed by the faulting and subsequent subsidence of the western part of the Indian peninsula during the breakup of Gondwanaland. This created the steep western face of the mountains.