Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,268 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice geography the earth and the graticule general idea about earth space around the earth is the earth round?

The surface of the earth is still irregular inspite of millions of years of gradation, because ___________.

  1. Gradation is a slow process

  2. Gradation does not reduce irregularities

  3. Deposition of material re-elevates the land

  4. Parts of the crust have been uplifted
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The surface of the earth is still irregular in spite of millions of years of gradation, because— material re-elevates the land. Parts of the crust have been uplifted.
  • Delamination of the lithosphere has two major geologic effects. First, because a large portion of dense material is removed, the remaining portion of the crust and lithosphere undergo rapid uplift to form mountain ranges. 
  • Second, the flow of hot mantle material encounters the base of the thin lithosphere and often results in melting and a new phase of volcanism.
  • Delamination may thus account for some volcanic regions that have been attributed to mantle plumes in the past.
Multiple choice geography the earth and the graticule general idea about earth space around the earth is the earth round?

Which of the following phenomena causes the shape of the Earth ? 

  1. Internal structure

  2. Atmospheric pressure

  3. Rotation

  4. Revolution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation


  • The shape of the Earth is classified as an ellipsoid or an oblate spheroid.
  • The Earth is not considered a true sphere because it has a larger circumference and diameter at the equator.
  • The poles of the Earth are squished, which creates a slight bulge around the equator.
  • The Earth's polar diameter is about 43 kilometers shorter than its equatorial diameter, a difference of about 0.3%.
  • This is due to the equatorial bulge caused by the Earth's rotation.

Multiple choice geography the earth and the graticule general idea about earth space around the earth is the earth round?

How is the inner core of the earth?

  1. Liquid

  2. Solid

  3. Both A & B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation


  • So, even though it is hotter in the inner core, the pressure in the core is also higher, and you can have solid iron-nickel instead of liquid.
  • It is made of iron and nickel. 
  • This is above the Earth's solid inner core and below the mantle. Its outer boundary is 2,890 km (1,800 mi) beneath the Earth's surface..
  • Convection of liquid metals in the outer core creates the Earth's magnetic field.

Multiple choice geography the earth and the graticule general idea about earth space around the earth is the earth round?

Division of land on the earth is done by us into _____.

  1. Seas

  2. Oceans

  3. Mountains

  4. Continents
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Large and continues land masses on surface of the earth are termed as continents. This division on the earth as continents are done by us. Our planet is divided into seven large continental masses, these are, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarcatica. Among them Asia is the largest and Australia is the smallest continent.

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

The movement of tectonic plates is due to thermal energy from  _______.

  1. Mantle

  2. Crust

  3. Inner Core

  4. Outer Core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The movement of tectonic plates is due to the enormous amount of thermal energy generated in the inner core and transferred to the mantle thus, causing movement in the tectonic plates.

Option $C$ is correct.

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

Collisions of plates produce mountain ranges and other irregular surface features in ________.

  1. Land

  2. Ocean floor

  3. Both A & B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Plate collisions occur at convergent boundaries, which can happen on continental landmasses (forming mountain ranges like the Himalayas) or on the ocean floor (forming deep-sea trenches and island arcs).

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

In the transform boundary, the plates ________. 

  1. slide horizontally past each other

  2. pull away from each other

  3. moves toward each other

  4. sinks under another
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

At a transform plate boundary, tectonic plates slide horizontally past one another. Crust is neither created nor destroyed at these boundaries.

Multiple choice geography earthquakes and volcanoes volcanism types and features of earthquakes and volcanoes movement of the earth's plates

What is the location where sinking of plate occurs called?

  1. Sinking Zone

  2. Subduction Zone

  3. Sliding Zone

  4. Boundary Zone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A subduction zone is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced to sink due to high gravitational potential energy into the mantle.