Biology

Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

722 Questions

Deficiency diseases and disorders are caused by a lack of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals in the diet or environment. This includes conditions like anemia, goitre, and night blindness. Practice these questions to prepare for general science exams.

Vitamin deficiency symptomsMineral deficiency disordersMalnutrition conceptsHormonal and specific diseases

Deficiency Diseases and Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Deficiency of ________ causes rickets in children.

  1. vitamin C

  2. vitamin A

  3. vitamin B

  4. vitamin D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children, characterized by soft and weak bones due to impaired calcium and phosphorus absorption. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, and Vitamin B deficiencies cause various disorders like beriberi.

Multiple choice

Deficiency of vitamin D in adults causes ____.

  1. osteoporosis

  2. osteoblast

  3. osteomalacia

  4. osteoma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin D deficiency in adults causes osteomalacia, a condition of soft bones due to impaired bone mineralization. Osteoporosis is bone loss from aging, osteoblast is a bone-forming cell, and osteoma is a bone tumor. The adult equivalent of rickets is osteomalacia.

Multiple choice

The considerable decrease in number of red blood cells leads to a condition known as

  1. anaemia

  2. leucocytosis

  3. hernia

  4. hypertension
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Anaemia is the medical condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. This leads to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, causing fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Leucocytosis refers to increased white blood cells, hernia is tissue protrusion, and hypertension is high blood pressure.

Multiple choice

Night-Blindness is due deficiency of Vitamin

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. K
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Night blindness (nyctalopia) is caused by Vitamin A deficiency, which is essential for the formation of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina needed for vision in low-light conditions. Vitamin A is found in carrots, leafy vegetables, and animal products. Vitamins B, C, and K are not primarily related to night vision.

Multiple choice

Little leaf disease is caused by the deficiency of ___________, which is a micronutrient.

  1. copper

  2. zinc

  3. boron

  4. iron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Little leaf disease is a physiological disorder caused by zinc deficiency, where new leaves are extremely small and chlorotic. Zinc is essential for the synthesis of auxin (IAA), and its deficiency leads to stunted growth with characteristic small leaves. Copper, boron, and iron deficiencies cause different symptoms like wilting, corky lesions, or interveinal chlorosis respectively.

Multiple choice

The deficiency of _____ causes night blindness.

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin C

  3. Vitamin D

  4. Vitamin E
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness (nyctalopia) because retinal, a derivative of Vitamin A, is essential for the formation of rhodopsin (visual purple) in rod cells. Rod cells enable vision in low-light conditions. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, and Vitamin E deficiency causes neurological problems.

Multiple choice

Match vitamins in Group I with chemical names in Group II and diseases caused by their deficiency in Group III.

   
Group I
Group II
Group III
P. Vitamin A i. Niacin 1. Beriberi
Q. Vitamin B1 ii. Retinol 2. Xerophthalmia
R. Vitamin B3 iii. Thiamine 3. Pellagra
S. Vitamin C iv. Ascorbic acid 4. Scurvy

  1. P - ii - 3, Q - iv - 1, R - i - 2, S - iii - 4

  2. P - iii - 1, Q - iv - 2, R - ii - 4, S - i - 3

  3. P - i - 2, Q - ii - 4, R - iii - 2, S - iv - 3

  4. P - ii - 2, Q - iii - 1, R - i - 3, S - iv - 4

  5. P - i - 4, Q - iii - 1, R - ii - 3, S - iv - 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Xerophthalmia is caused by deficiency of vitamin A (Retinol). Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency causes the disease beriberi. Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency causes the disease pellagra. Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) deficiency results in the development of the disease scurvy.

Multiple choice

Deficiency of Vitamin B6 in man causes

  1. Rickets

  2. Scurvy

  3. Beri-beri

  4. Anaemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency can cause microcytic hypochromic anemia due to its essential role in heme synthesis. It can also cause neurological symptoms like confusion, depression, and seizures. Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency, scurvy by vitamin C deficiency, and beri-beri by thiamine (B1) deficiency.

Multiple choice

In a patient with muscle weakness and fever due to a mitochondrial myopathy, ATP synthesis is reduced but electron transport is normal. The inner mitochondrial membrane of the patient's muscle might show

  1. absence of cristae

  2. defective calcium pump

  3. missing porin

  4. open anion channels

  5. loss of F1 particles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Voltage-dependent anion channels are a class of porin ion channel located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. The channel adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV.