Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

This is the correct answer. PEM or Protein Energy Malnutrition causes the diseases kwashiorkor and marasumas.

It is caused by excessive fat intake and overnutrition.

Scurvy affects both skin and blood vessels. It's caused by vitamin C deficiency and leads to symptoms like bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and skin problems due to impaired collagen synthesis.

Deficiency of bioflavonoids causes haemorrhage in animals.

Beri-Beri is a disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine). Since thiamine is part of the Vitamin B complex, the answer 'Vitamin B' is generally accepted, though it would be more precise to specify 'Vitamin B1' or 'thiamine'. Symptoms include nerve damage, muscle weakness, and cardiovascular problems.

Iron is essential for hemoglobin production in red blood cells. When iron levels are insufficient, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia - a condition characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Malaria is a parasitic infection, while fluorosis is caused by excess fluoride intake.

Scurvy, caused by Vitamin C deficiency, leads to weakened collagen production. This affects connective tissues in gums, causing bleeding and loosening of teeth. Vitamins A, B, and D are not directly related to these symptoms.

Bitot's spots are triangular, shiny, grey spots on the conjunctiva seen in vitamin A deficiency.

Reproductive failure, muscular degeneration and fragility of erythrocytes in man are symptoms of vitamin E deficiency.

Deficiency of vitamin B3 causes pellagra in man.

Vitamin A deficiency is the primary cause of night blindness (nyctalopia). Vitamin A is essential for producing rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that enables vision in low-light conditions. Malaria is caused by parasites, scurvy by vitamin C deficiency, and cholera by bacterial infection.

Ans-4

Vitamin K - Scurvy is indeed incorrectly matched. Scurvy is caused by Vitamin C deficiency, not Vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is associated with blood clotting, and its deficiency causes bleeding disorders. The other options are correctly matched: Vitamin D with bone deformities (rickets), Vitamin B with beriberi, and Vitamin A with night blindness.

Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency causes pellagra, characterized by the 3 Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Marasmus and kwashiorkor are protein-energy malnutrition disorders, while goitre results from iodine deficiency.

Vitamin A deficiency leads to night blindness initially, which can progress to complete blindness (xerophthalmia) if untreated. Beriberi is caused by thiamine deficiency, rickets by vitamin D deficiency, and typhoid is a bacterial infection, not a deficiency.