Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision, particularly in low-light conditions. Night blindness (nyctalopia) is the primary and earliest symptom of Vitamin A deficiency. Malaria is caused by a parasite, Scurvy by Vitamin C deficiency, and Cholera by bacterial infection.

Scurvy is a deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C in the diet. It was historically common among sailors on long voyages without fresh fruits and vegetables. The other options listed are diseases but not caused by nutritional deficiencies - asthma is respiratory, jaundice is a symptom of liver problems, and cancer is a complex disease with multiple causes.

Vitamin A absorption is hampered due to Zn deficiency.

Goiter - swollen neck glands Scurvy - bleeding germs Rickets - bow shaped legs Beriberi - weak muscles and laziness

Pernicious anaemia is caused when the body does not make enough red blood cells due to lack of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂).

A shortage of vitamin D (calciferol) causes defective incorporation of calcium into the bones, which therefore remain soft and are easily deformed. This condition is known as 'rickets'.

Pellagra is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B₃.

Pernicious anemia is one of many types of the larger family of megaloblastic anemias. It is caused by loss of gastric parietal cells, and subsequent inability to absorb vitamin B_12.

Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by severe weight loss, muscle wasting, and loss of appetite. It typically occurs in chronic illnesses like cancer, HIV/AIDS, and other serious diseases where the body breaks down muscle and fat tissue regardless of nutritional intake.

Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. Iron is a crucial component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen. Without sufficient iron, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells.

Night blindness (nyctalopia) is caused by Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is essential for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that helps with vision in low-light conditions. Deficiency leads to difficulty seeing in dim light and can progress to complete blindness if untreated. Vitamins B, E, and K have different functions in the body.

This is the correct option. 

Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness (especially cancer, AIDS, and other chronic conditions) characterized by loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. While weight loss is a key feature, cachexia is more than just simple starvation or weight loss.

Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness, characterized by loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. While it involves inability to properly utilize nutrients, the most visible and defining characteristic is significant weight loss and muscle wasting.

Rickets is the condition caused by vitamin D deficiency in children, characterized by soft and weak bones. Osteomalacia is the adult form of bone softening, beriberi is from B1 deficiency, and scurvy from vitamin C deficiency.