Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

Correct answer. Both are wrongly matched. Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease most commonly caused by a chronic lack of niacin (vitamin B₃). Pernicious anaemia caused when the body does not make enough red blood cells due to lack of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂).

Fruits and vegetables are a major source of vitamins and minerals. Washing and peeling more than required result in the loss of these two nutrients from them. 

Osteomalacia is caused due to deficiency of vitamin D (fat soluble vitamin). Rickets is caused due to deficiency of vitamin D (fat soluble vitamin). Xerophthalmia is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A (fat soluble vitamin).

Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision, particularly in low-light conditions. Night blindness (nyctalopia) is the primary and earliest symptom of Vitamin A deficiency. Malaria is caused by a parasite, Scurvy by Vitamin C deficiency, and Cholera by bacterial infection.

Scurvy is a deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C in the diet. It was historically common among sailors on long voyages without fresh fruits and vegetables. The other options listed are diseases but not caused by nutritional deficiencies - asthma is respiratory, jaundice is a symptom of liver problems, and cancer is a complex disease with multiple causes.

Vitamin A absorption is hampered due to Zn deficiency.

Manganese is necessary for photosynthesis, including the building of chloroplasts. Manganese deficiency may result in coloration abnormalities, such as discolored spots on the foliage.

Goiter - swollen neck glands Scurvy - bleeding germs Rickets - bow shaped legs Beriberi - weak muscles and laziness

Pernicious anaemia is caused when the body does not make enough red blood cells due to lack of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂).

A shortage of vitamin D (calciferol) causes defective incorporation of calcium into the bones, which therefore remain soft and are easily deformed. This condition is known as 'rickets'.

Pellagra is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B₃.

Pernicious anemia is one of many types of the larger family of megaloblastic anemias. It is caused by loss of gastric parietal cells, and subsequent inability to absorb vitamin B_12.

Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by severe weight loss, muscle wasting, and loss of appetite. It typically occurs in chronic illnesses like cancer, HIV/AIDS, and other serious diseases where the body breaks down muscle and fat tissue regardless of nutritional intake.

Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. Iron is a crucial component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen. Without sufficient iron, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells.

Night blindness (nyctalopia) is caused by Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is essential for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that helps with vision in low-light conditions. Deficiency leads to difficulty seeing in dim light and can progress to complete blindness if untreated. Vitamins B, E, and K have different functions in the body.