Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

Glossitis is caused due to deficiency of vitamin B12. Haemorrhage is caused due to deficiency of vitamin K. Osteomalacia is caused due to deficiency of vitamin D.

Nyctalopia is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A. Xerophthalmia is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A.

Vitamin E deficiency in animals causes several disorders such as reproduction failure, liver necrosis, etc. Keratomalacia is an eye disorder that results from Vitamin A deficiency.

Statement (1) is correct. Kwashiorkor (a malnutrition disease) occurs between the ages of 1-5 years due to the deficiency of proteins in children's diet. The defining sign of kwashiorkor in a malnourished child is pedal edema (swelling under the skin). Statement (2) is also correct. In prolonged fasting, the glycogen stored in liver and muscle cells breaks down into glucose and provides energy to the body.

This is the correct option. The symptoms of scurvy are bleeding of gums and swelling of joints. The symptoms of rickets are weak bones and decaying teeth. The symptom of haemorrhage is that the clotting of blood is affected.

Brittle bones are associated with calcium deficiency. They become prone to fractures.

Deficiency diseases are caused due to lack of nutrients.

The lack of pantothenic acid in diet causes nausea, vomiting and tremor of the outstretched hands. Dermatitis of fingers and neck is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B3 or niacin.Behavioural abnormalities occur in riboflavin deficient children. The deficiency of ascorbic acid or vitamin C causes scurvy, pain in bones and bleeding gums.Hence, statement R is false.

In humans, the important deficiency states due to the lack of vitamin A in the diet are: i. Night Blindness: In the early stages of vitamin A deficiency, the individual cannot see well in dim light. In advanced deficiency, the subject cannot see objects in dim light. ii. Xerosis Conjunctiva: The conjunctiva is dry, thickened, wrinkled and pigmented. The pigmentation gives conjunctiva a smoky appearance. iii. Xerosis Cornea: When dryness spreads to cornea, it takes on a hazy, lusterless appearance. iv. Bitot’s Spots: Greyish glistening white plaques, formed of desquamated thickened conjuctival epithelium, usually triangular in shape and firmly adhering to the conjuctiva. v. Keratomalacia: When xerosis of the conjuctiva and cornea is not treated, it may develop into a condition known as keratomalacia. vi. Folicullar Hyperkeratosis: The skin becomes rough and dry. The lesions at the angles of the mouth are termed as angular stomatitis and this disease is caused by the lack of vitamin B2 or riboflavin.

Keratomalacia disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin A. The deficiency of vitamin K causes Bleeding diathesis disease.

The deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) causes Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff-Syndrome. Lack of pantothenic acid causes Paresthesia diseases. The deficiency of biotin causes Dermatitis and Enteritis diseases. The deficiency of ascorbic acid causes Scurvy diseases. Hence, the correct match of codes is P-3, Q-5, R-1, S-4.

Deficiency of any nutrient in the body causes malfunctioning. Example: Rickets is a disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin D in our body and results in bow-shaped legs. 

Our teeth and bones are basically formed from the compounds of calcium, the deficiency of which leads to their decay. 

Deficiency of proteins in the diet for a long time results in swelling of the face, swollen neck, undergrowth of the body, etc. This is because proteins are the building blocks of the body and should be taken in sufficient amounts.

Deficiency of proteins in the diet causes diarrhoea.