Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

It is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C,  which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans. Citrus fruits are given for the deficiency of vitamin C.

It is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterised by replacement of liver.

Deficiency of Vitamin A does not cause TB. Hence, it is not a correct pair.

It is the commonest cause of anaemia.

A goitre is a swelling of the neck or larynx resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland (thyromegaly), associated with a thyroid gland that is not functioning properly. The main reason is deficiency of iodine in the diet which is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Deficiency of vitamin B3 causes pellagra. Symptoms of pellagra include dermatitis, weakness, mental confusion and diarrhea. Pellagra may lead to dementia and death in some cases. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Deficiency of Vitamin B1 will cause Beri-Beri. Symptoms of Beri-Beri include weight loss, weakness and pain in the limbs. Edema (swelling of bodily tissues) is very common. Many patients can be treated by thiamine. It is the correct answer.

Osteomalacia is a disease in adults that results from vitamin D deficiency. Characteristics of this disease are softening of bones, curving of legs, muscle weakness, bone fragility and increased risk for fractures. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Our teeth and bones are basically formed from the compounds of calcium, the deficiency of which leads to their decay.

Deficiency of proteins in the diet for a long time results in swelling of face and neck, undergrowth of the body, etc. This is because proteins are the building blocks of the body and should be taken in sufficient amounts. 

Anaemia refers to low haemoglobin/blood level in the body which occurs when we do not take enough iron in our diet. This is because iron forms haemoglobin, which is a major component of our blood. 

This is the correct option. Rickets is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D.

Correct answer. Both are wrongly matched. Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease most commonly caused by a chronic lack of niacin (vitamin B₃). Pernicious anaemia caused when the body does not make enough red blood cells due to lack of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂).

Fruits and vegetables are a major source of vitamins and minerals. Washing and peeling more than required result in the loss of these two nutrients from them. 

Osteomalacia is caused due to deficiency of vitamin D (fat soluble vitamin). Rickets is caused due to deficiency of vitamin D (fat soluble vitamin). Xerophthalmia is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A (fat soluble vitamin).