Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

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Zinc deficiency causes exanthema (also known as mottle leaf) in citrus plants. Symptoms include yellowish mottling between leaf veins, small narrow leaves, stunted growth, and reduced fruit size. Zinc is essential for several enzyme systems including carbonic anhydrase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Manganese deficiency causes different symptoms (interveinal chlorosis), boron deficiency causes corking and cracking, and copper deficiency causes wilting and dieback.

 Deficiency of molybdenum causes mottling and necrosis of leaves.

Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness (especially cancer, AIDS, and other chronic conditions) characterized by loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. While weight loss is a key feature, cachexia is more than just simple starvation or weight loss.

Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness, characterized by loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. While it involves inability to properly utilize nutrients, the most visible and defining characteristic is significant weight loss and muscle wasting.

Rickets is the condition caused by vitamin D deficiency in children, characterized by soft and weak bones. Osteomalacia is the adult form of bone softening, beriberi is from B1 deficiency, and scurvy from vitamin C deficiency.

Hypokalemia is the medical term for low potassium levels in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate nerve signals, muscle contractions, and heart rhythm. The prefix 'hypo-' means deficient or low, and '-kal' refers to potassium (chemical symbol K).

Less intake of iron results in this disease. Iron is an essential component of Haemoglobin and helps in its proper functioning.

Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition that occurs when there is not enough protein in the diet.

Nitrogen deficiency causes chlorosis - the yellowing of leaves due to insufficient chlorophyll production. Nitrogen is a crucial component of chlorophyll molecules and amino acids.

This caused due to the deficiency of vitamin A

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency causes microcytic hypochromic anemia because B6 is essential for hemoglobin synthesis. Rickets is caused by Vitamin D deficiency. Scurvy results from Vitamin C deficiency. Beri-beri is caused by Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency.

Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness (nyctalopia) because retinol is essential for producing rhodopsin, the pigment needed for low-light vision. Severe deficiency can lead to complete blindness and increase susceptibility to infections. Beri-beri is thiamine (B1) deficiency, scurvy is vitamin C deficiency, and rickets is vitamin D deficiency.

A balanced diet is required to avoid deficiency diseases. Vitamins and minerals are important for a healthy lifestyle.