Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

A deficiency disease occurs when the body lacks essential nutrients, such as vitamins or minerals, due to an inadequate diet.

Iodine deficiency is the primary cause of goiter, which is the enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Nitrogen deficiency in plants leads to chlorosis and premature leaf fall, as nitrogen is essential for chlorophyll production and protein synthesis.

Chlorosis is the yellowing of leaf tissue due to a lack of chlorophyll, often caused by a deficiency of magnesium (a central component of chlorophyll) or iron (required for its synthesis).

Molybdenum is essential for nitrogen metabolism. Its deficiency often manifests as interveinal chlorosis, mottling, and necrosis of leaves, particularly in older leaves first.

Iron is essential for chlorophyll synthesis. Since iron is relatively immobile in plants, its deficiency symptoms, such as interveinal chlorosis, appear first in young leaves.

Albinism is caused due to the deficiency of enzyme tyrosinase. People with albinism always have problems with vision (not correctable with eyeglasses) and many have low vision. The degree of vision impairment varies with the different types of albinism

Kwashiorkor is caused by severe protein deficiency, while marasmus is caused by a severe deficiency of both protein and total calories.

Ans - 2

Ans - 2

Lack of Iodine in our food intake leads to Goitre. That is why, it is always advised to consume iodised salt.

Anemia is most commonly caused by an iron deficiency, which leads to a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is primarily found in animal products. Strict vegetarians (vegans) are at risk of B12 deficiency unless they consume fortified foods or supplements.

Scurvy is a disease caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis. Beriberi is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, and anemia can have various causes, including iron deficiency.

 Osteomalacia, a disease of the bones in adults, is due to dietary deficiency of calcium and vitamin D. Measures to prevent and treat osteomalacia usually revolve around intake of vitamin D and calcium supplements.