Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Casparian strip occurs in

  1. Pericycle

  2. Endodermis

  3. Epiblema

  4. Cortex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis. It is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall. Casparian strip is made of suberin and sometimes lignin. It blocks the passive flow of materials, such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant. 

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Casparian strips are characteristic feature of endodermis, made up of

  1. Cutin

  2. Pectin

  3. Suberin

  4. Cellulose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In plant anatomy, the Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis and is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall the cell wall.

The Casparian strip is made up of suberin and sometimes lignin. It blocks the passive flow of materials, such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant. Thus, option C is correct.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Casparian strips occur in

  1. Longitudinal and radial walls of epidermal cells

  2. Longitudinal walls of xylem

  3. All walls of endodermis

  4. Radial and tangential walls of endodermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and tangential walls of the endodermis and is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall, the cell wall being made of lignin and without suberin, whereas the Casparian strip is made of suberin and sometimes lignin. It blocks the passive flow of materials such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant. It varies in width and is often much narrower than the wall in which it occurs. It is typically located closer to the inner tangential wall than the outer. 

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Passage cells are thin-walled cells found in

  1. Central region of style through which the pollen tube grows towards the ovary

  2. Endodermis of roots facilitating rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle

  3. Phloem elements that serve as entry points for substances for transport to other plants parts

  4. Testa of seeds to enable emergence of growing embryonic axis during seed germination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Passage cells are endodermal cells of older roots, which have retained thin walls and Casparian strips rather than becoming suberized and waterproof like the other cells around them, to continue to allow some symplastic flow to the inside. Passage cells function to allow transfer of solutes, such as calcium and magnesium into the stele, in order to eventually reach the transpiration system. 

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Pith and cortex belongs to

  1. Epidermis

  2. Ground tissue

  3. Vascular tissue

  4. Bundle sheath
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Epidermis is the part of epidermal tissue system and forms the outer protective covering of primary plant body. 

All tissues of a plant body except epidermal and vascular tissues system makes ground tissue, which can be intrastelar and extrastelar tissue, depending on its position with respect to stele. 
Cortex and endodermis constitute extra stelar ground tissue, while pericycle, pith and medullary ray constitute the intra stelar ground tissue. 
Vascular tissues system comprise of xylem, phloem and cambium. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Casparian strip occurs in:

  1. Pericycle

  2. Endodermis

  3. Epidermis

  4. Cortex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The innermost layer of cortex forms endodermis, which has compactly arranged barrel shaped cells. The primary thin walled endodermis shows suberin deposition in form of bands or strips that run around the radial and end walls of the cells and forms Casparian strips. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Cortex is formed from

  1. Cambium

  2. Procambium

  3. Ground meristem

  4. Protoderm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • In plants, the cortex forms the outermost layer of the stem or root which are surrounded by the epidermis layer. 
  • Cortex is made up of differentiated cells which are large and thin-walled parenchyma cells.
  • The outer cortical cells of the cortex have irregularly thickened collenchyma cells.
  • The parenchyma and collenchyma cells are a part of the ground tissue system.
So, the correct answer is 'Ground meristem'
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Ground tissue having differentiated concentric layers is found in

  1. Dicot leaf

  2. Monocot leaf

  3. Dicot stem

  4. Monocot stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Dicot leaf – Mesophyll is the ground tissue. It is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.

B. Monocot leaf – Mesophyll is the ground tissue. It is not differentiated. It shows only spongy parenchyma.

C. Cortex is the ground tissue in dicot stem. It is differentiated into hypodermis, general cortex and endodermis.

D. Monocot stem – the region present inner to the hypodermis is ground tissue. It shows scattered arrangement of vascular bundles.

So, the correct option is ‘Dicot stem’.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

In cucurbita, hypodermis is formed of

  1. Sclerenchyma

  2. Collenchyma

  3. Parenchyma

  4. Aerenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cortical region present below epidermis is called ‘ Hypodermis’. It is made up of collenchyma in dicotyledons and sclerenchyma in monocotyledons.

So, the correct option is ‘Collenchyma’.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

What is correct about monocot stem?

  1. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is absent

  2. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are open, phloem parenchyma is absent

  3. Hypodermis is collenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is present

  4. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is present
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A. The hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is absent – True in. monocot stem.

B. The hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are open, phloem parenchyma is absent – False because vascular bundles are closed in monocot stem.

C. Hypodermis is collenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is present – false, because hypodermis is sclerenchymatous and phloem parenchyma is absent in monocot stem

D. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is present – false, because, phloem parenchyma is absent in monocot stem.

So, the correct option is ‘Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is absent’.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Cellular layer covering plant organs is

  1. Epidermis

  2. Hypodermis

  3. Cuticle

  4. Endodermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. The epidermis is the outermost protective layer of cells which cover all the plant organs which act as a barrier against mechanical injury and also prevents water loss and infection.
B. Hypodermis consists of a layer of cells immediately that is present below the epidermis which is strengthened to provide protection and also store water.
C. The cuticle is a protective layer which is impervious to water and covers the epidermal cells of leaves and plant organs to prevent water loss.
D. Endodermis is the innermost layer of cortex which is made of compact living cells and is surrounded by rings that are impregnated with hydrophobic substances to prevent the apoplastic flow of water.
So, the correct answer is 'Epidermis'.
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Periblem produces

  1. Cortex

  2. Pericycle

  3. Vascular strand

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The shoot apical meristem (SAM) of a plant form three distinct meristematic zones called the histogens (histogen theory).
  • These histogens are present at the growing shoot tip or root tip.
These tips consist of three histogens based on the type of cells they form.
  • Each of these histogens gives rise to tissues which are different from one another- dermatogen, periblem, plerome (principle tissues)
1) The dermatogen or the outer layer gives rise to the epidermis.
2) The periblem or middle layer gives rise to the cortex and the endodermis (compact living cells with hydrophobic substances) which is the innermost layer of the cortex.
3)The plerome or the inner layer gives rise to vascular tissues
  • So, the correct answer is 'Cortex'
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Cortex is the region found between

  1. Endodermis and vascular bundles

  2. Epidermis and stele

  3. Pericycle and endodermis

  4. Endodermis and pith
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In internal structure of root and dicot stem, the region appears between epidermis and stele is cortex. In roots, cortex includes general cortex and endodermis, where as in dicot stems, cortex includes, hypodermis, general cortex and endodermis. In roots, cortex is concerned in the radial conduction of water, where as in dicot stems, it is concerned in the storage of food materials.

So, the correct option is ‘Epidermis and stele’.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Secondary cortex is derived from 

  1. Intercalary meristem

  2. Protoderm

  3. Procambium

  4. Phellogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The secondary cortex which is also known as phelloderm is produced by phellogen or cork cambium. 
  • The cork cambium or the phellogen is a lateral meristem which is responsible for the formation of periderm.
  • The cells of the periderm which grows inward are known as phelloderm while the cells that grow outward is known as phellem or cork.
  • The periderm layer has three distinct layers:-
1) phelloderm – is made up of living parenchyma cells which are present on the inner side of the cork cambium.
2) phellogen or cork cambium- gives rise to periderm
3) phellem or cork is made up of dead cells which have air-filled protective tissues.
So, the correct answer is 'Phellogen'.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems
Which of the following tissue systems constitutes bulk of the plant body?

  1. Epidermal tissue system

  2. Ground tissue system

  3. Vascular tissue system

  4. Both (a) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The ground tissue consists  majorly of parenchymatous tissue that forms the whole plant body other than the epidermis and the vascular bundles. It arises from the periblem meristematic tissue.

So, the correct answer is 'Ground tissue system'