Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

The acquisition of the ability to flower by a cold treatment is called as

  1. Photoperiodism

  2. Vernalization

  3. Differentiation

  4. sacrification
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In many plants, the temperature has a profound effect on flowering. Some plants do not flower under the inductive photoperiod conditions but flower when a cold temperature treatment is given to them. This acquisition or acceleration of the ability to flower by a chilling treatment is said to be vernalization. It is the method of inducing early flowering in plants by pretreatments of their seeds at a very low temperature. Thus option B is the correct answer. 

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Flowering dependent on cold treatment is

  1. Cryotherapy

  2. Cryogenics

  3. Cryoscopy

  4. Vernalisation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold or winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing cold treatment to young plants or moistened seeds.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Vernalisation promotes flowering in response to

  1. High light intensity

  2. Low temperature

  3. High temperature

  4. Low light intensity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold of winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928.  He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing low temperature treatment to young plants or moistened seeds. Other terms like jarovization, springification were also coined for the same phenomenon. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Low temperature treatment to speed up the process of flowering is referred to as

  1. Photoperiodism

  2. Vernalisation

  3. Thermoperiodism

  4. Hydroponics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Vernalisation is the process of shortening of the juvenile or vegetative phase and hastening flowering by a previous cold treatment. In vernalization by cold treatment, winter varieties are transferred into spring or summer varieties. The site of vernalization is apical meristem or all the meristematic cells e.g., shoot tip, embryo tips, root apex etc.  The low temperature required for vernalization is usually $0^o-5^oC$. As a result of vernalization, a flowering hormone called vernalin is formed (reported by Melchers), but vernalin has never been isolated.
So the correct option is 'vernalization'.
Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Which one hastens flowering in plants?

  1. Stratification

  2. Scarification

  3. Vernalisation

  4. Water deficit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vernalisation is the process of that hastens to flower in plants by cold treatment. With the help of artificial cold treatment, winter wheat seeds can be induced to flower. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Which of the following statements regarding photoperiodism is false?

  1. The response of plants to periods of light/day is termed as photoperiodism

  2. The shoot apices cannot perceive photoperiods

  3. In day neutral plants there is no correlation between exposure to light duration and induction of flowering response

  4. Shoot apices modify themselves into flowering apices prior to flowering

  5. The site of perception of light/dark duration is the flower
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation
Photoperiodism is the response of plants to photoperiods, that is the length of day and night. During photoperiodism, shoot apices modify themselves into flowering apices prior to flowering. However, they do not perceive photoperiods. Rather, the site of perception of light and dark duration are leaves. In day-neutral plants, induction of flowering response does not depend on exposure to light duration. The site of perception of light/dark duration is the leaves.
So, the correct answer is 'The site of perception of light/dark duration is the flower'.
Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

The stimulus of cold treatment (vernalisation) is perceived by

  1. Leaves

  2. Flowers

  3. Roots

  4. Shoot apices
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Vernalisation is the conversion of winter variety into spring variety by chilling treatment or low temperature. Treatment with low temperature (0-4°C) leads to shortening of vegetative phase and initiation of reproductive phase. The stimulus of cold treatment is perceived by shoot tips, embryo tips and other meristematic regions pf the plant.
So, the correct answer is 'Shoot apices'.
Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Cabbage is a biennial plant which produces flowers in the second year of growth. In an attempt to make it flower in a single year, four potted plants (I, II, III, and IV) of cabbage were subjected to different temperatures for several days given in the table.

Potted plant Temperature
I $5^o C$
II $20^o C$
III $30^o C$
IV $25^o C$

Which potted plant will show flowering?

  1. I

  2. II

  3. III

  4. IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The low temperature required for vernalization is usually $0^o-5^oC$. In nature, the plants requiring vernalization are commonly biennials (e.g., cabbage, sugar canes), which complete their life cycle in two years. They germinate and grow vegetatively in the first year and produce flowers in the second year of growth. These plants fulfill their cold requirement during winters. However, such-biennial plants can be made to flower in one growing season by providing low-temperature treatment (i.e., $0^o-5^oC$ temperature) to young plants or moistened seeds.
So the correct answer is 'I'.
Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

The phenomenon which shortens vegetative period and hastens flowering is

  1. Etiolation

  2. Vernalisation

  3. Photoperiodism

  4. Parthenocarpy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Etiolation is a condition in which plant is grown in the partial or complete absence of light. The leaves are tiny and yellow in color. Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold or winter. It shortens the vegetative period and hastens the flowering. Photoperiodism is the phenomenon in which various physiological reactions like flowering response to the relative length of day and night.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

Accumulation of cells and formation of a bud at the site of amputation is

  1. Morphallaxis

  2. Reparative bud

  3. Blastema

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A.Morphallaxis - The reconstruction of an entire animal from a small fragment by reorganizing the existing cells, is called Morphallaxis.

B.Reparative bud - Regeneration of buds  in multicellular organisms is called reparative bud.

C.Blastema – A stumpy outgrowth or bulge or formed, by the accumulation of cells, during regeneration of injured part is called Blastema. It is one of the important step in the process of regeneration.

So, the correct option is ‘Blastema’.

Multiple choice development of plants plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

The first sign of geotropic response in monocots occurs at ..............

  1. Apex

  2. A short distance away from root apex

  3. Nodes

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The first sign of geotropic response occurs at a short distance away from the apex except in monocots in which case it occurs at the nodes where meristems are formed. The bending of a plant organ in response to gravity is called as gravitropism or geotropism.  Geostimulation results in rapid and marked changes in the node-puvinus, internode and sheath. These changes involves water content, dry matter accumulation, endogenous gibberellic acids and GA4 metabolism.