Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Assertion: A part of inflorescence forms multiple fruits.
Reason: They are called as inflorescence fruits.

  1. If both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.

  2. If both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.

  3. If A is true and R is wrong.

  4. If A and R both are false.

  5. If A is false and R is true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Multiple fruits, also called as collective fruits, are fruits that are formed from a cluster of flowers called as an inflorescence. Each flower in the inflorescence produces a fruit, but these mature into a single mass. An multiple fruit is a fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries that were separate in a single flower. In contrast, a simple fruit develops from one ovary. Not all flowers with multiple ovaries form aggregate fruit; the ovaries of some flowers do not become tightly joined together to make a larger fruit. 
Thus, the  statement of reason is correct but the assertion statement is in correct.
Therefore, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence and fruit of sunflower is

  1. Capitulum and achene

  2. Corymb and cypsella

  3. Capitulum and cypsella

  4. Corymb and achene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Inflorescence and fruit of sunflower is capitulum and cypsella. The main feature of the family is the composite flower type in the form of capitula surrounded by involucral bracts.The individual flowers in a head have 5 fused petals, but instead of sepals, have threadlike hairy or bristly structures called as pappus, which surround the fruit and can stick to animal fur or be lifted by wind, aiding in seed dispersal. The whitish fluffy head of a dandelion commonly blown on by children, is made of the pappus, with tiny seeds attached at the ends, whereby the pappus provides a parachute like structure to help the seed be carried away in the wind.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence is collection of

  1. Petals

  2. Stamens

  3. Flowers

  4. Carpels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Inflorescence is collection of flowers. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Inflorescence can also be defined as the reproductive portion of a plant that bears a cluster of flowers in a specific pattern.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Fruit formed from an inflorescence is

  1. Simple fruit

  2. Pseudo carp

  3. Composite fruit

  4. Aggregate fruit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Composite fruits or multiple fruits that are developed from entire inflorescence and are of two types:-

Fruits that develop from a spike of spidex inflorescence as seen in pineapple are called sorosis. 
Fruits that develop from hypanthodium inflorescence is called syncous as seen in Banyan.
So the correct option is 'Composite fruit'

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

The most important function of inflorescence is to help in

  1. Dispersal of seeds

  2. Help in fertilization

  3. Attracting insects for pollination

  4. Forming large number of fruits
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the stem of a plant. It provides the chance of cross-pollination. It makes flowers more conspicuous to attract insects towards it. Large inflorescence enhances the chance of wind pollution. Insects are the pollinators. Due to the aroma emitted from the petals and the nectar glands and colour of the flower insects get attracted towards the flower. When an insect grazes through a flower to collect nectar, pollen grains stick on its body from the anther. As the insect move to each flower, it leaves a residue of pollen on the stigma and triggers the process of pollination. Some of these pollinators are honeybees, bumblebees butterflies etc.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Which of the following statements are correct?

(i) When a fruit develops from the inflorescence, it is composite.
(ii) Mesocarp is the edible part in apple.
(iii) Gynobasic style is seen in Ocimum.
(iv) Hypanthodium is a special type of inflorescence found in Euphorbia species.

  1. (i) and (iv) are correct

  2. (i) and (iii) are correct

  3. (i) and (ii) are correct

  4. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct

  5. (ii) and (iv) are correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When  a fruit is formed from  the entire inflorescence like in pineapple, jackfruit etc it is a composite fruit

Thalamus is the edible part of apple
Style arising from anterior tip of an apocarpous ovary
Cyathium is a special type of inflorescence found in Euphorbia species 
So, the correct answer is '(i) and (iii)'

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

In cyathium inflorescence

  1. Single male flower is surrounded by female flowers.

  2. Male and female flowers are present in different plants.

  3. There is one male and one female flower.

  4. Single female flower is surrounded by many peripheral male flowers.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cyathium inflorescence is seen in Euphorbia splendens and Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettia). In cyathium inflorescence, the bracts become fused to form a cup-shaped structure. This cup completely encloses a single female flower surrounded by a large number of male flowers. The cyathium is surrounded by brightly coloured bracts.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence is

  1. Composite (multiple) fruit developed from condensed

    Inflorescence

  2. Aggregate fruit developed from free carpels

  3. Fruit develop from inferior ovary

  4. Fruit develops from thalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Composite fruits : These fruits are developed from the complete inflorescence and are known as incandescence.
These are of 2 types ..
(1) Sorosis                      

(2) Syconus or Syconium 

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

In which of the following, the growing point ends in a flower?

  1. Raceme

  2. Verticillaster

  3. Catkin

  4. Spike
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Raceme in which peduncle have bisexual and pedicellate flowers arranged acropetally. It is a type of racemose inflorescence. Example: radish.
B. Verticillaster is a cluster of sessile or subsessile flowers borne on a dichasial cyme ending in monochasial cyme in the form of condensed whorl on either side of the node. It is a type of cymose inflorescence which has limited growth. Example: tulsi.
C. Catkin is a pendulous spike in leaf axis which bears unisexual flowers. It is a type of racemose inflorescence. Example: oak.
D. Spike in which peduncle have bisexual and sessile flowers with an acropetal arrangement. It is a type of racemose inflorescence. Example: Achyranthes.

So, the correct answer is 'Verticillaster'. 
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

A branching system of the plant-bearing flowers is?

  1. Deliquescence

  2. Inflorescence

  3. Placentation

  4. Cauliflory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Deliquescence is the process by which a substance absorbs moisture from the atmosphere until it dissolves in the absorbed water and forms a solution. It occurs when the vapor pressure of the solution that is formed is less than the partial pressure of water vapor in the air.
B. An inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of the plant. Two major types are - 1. Racemose - the shoot axis continue to grow indefinitely and the flowers are borne in an acropetal succession that is, younger flowers are present towards the apex and the older flowers are present at the base. The example is a radish. 2. Cymose - the main axis terminated into a flower and has limited growth. The flowers are borne in a basipetal order. The example is teak.
C. Placentation is the arrangement of ovules on placenta within the ovary. Ovary bears ovules on a cushion-like structure called placenta. It is of five types - marginal, axile, parietal, free central and basal.
D. Cauliflory is a botanical term referring to plants that flower and fruit from their main stems or woody trunks rather than from new growth and shoots. This can allow trees to be pollinated or have their seeds dispersed by animals which cannot climb or fly.

So, the correct answer is 'Inflorescence'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

The arrangement of flowers in Sunflower(Helianthus annuus) is?

  1. Acropetal

  2. Basipetal

  3. Centripetal

  4. Centrifugal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Acropetal is that younger flowers are present towards the apex and the older flowers are present at the base. It is seen in racemose inflorescence. Example: Radish and Mustard.
B. Basipetal is opposite of acropetal. The younger flowers are present at the base and old flowers are present towards the apex. It is seen in cymose inflorescence. Example: teak.
C. Centripetal is the peripheral flowers mature first and then maturation proceeds towards the center. It is seen in racemose inflorescence. Example: sunflower.

So, the correct answer is 'Centripetal'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Axis of the inflorescence is called?

  1. Peduncle

  2. Thalamus

  3. Petiole

  4. Pedicel
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. The peduncle is the main axis of an inflorescence or the axis bearing a flower or fruit.
B. Thalamus is the thickened part of a stem from which the flower organs grow in angiosperms.
C. The petiole is the cylindrical stalk that joins the leaf base with the leaf blade or lamina.
D. The pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence. 

So, the correct answer is 'Peduncle'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Hypanthodium is?

  1. Thalamus

  2. Fruit

  3. Inflorescence

  4. Ovary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thalamus is the swollen, basal part of the pedicel or the stalk.
B. Fruit is the presence of flowering plants or the angiosperms. After fertilization, the ripened ovary or mature ovary is called fruit.
C. The inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of the plant. Hypanthodium is fleshy receptacle forming a hollow cavity with an apical opening called ostiole. The example is ficus.
D. The ovary is the basal swollen part of the carpel and female reproductive organ.

So, the correct answer is 'Inflorescence'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Longest inflorescence is that of.

  1. Lily

  2. Cassia

  3. Callistemon

  4. Agave
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The flowers of Cassia fistula are grouped in the axillary and many-flowered racemes. These inflorescences are large in size and up to 15-40 cm long, pendulous and bright yellow. Long inflorescence of Cassia fistula from Sri Lanka and reaching up to 238 cm. It can be considered as the longest recorded legume inflorescence.

So the correct option is B.