Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

In Dorstenia, the inflorescence is?

  1. Coenanthium

  2. Anthodium

  3. Spike of spikes

  4. Spikelet
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Coenanthium in which the receptacle, instead of forming a closed structure, becomes saucer-shaped with the margins slightly curved up. The example is dorstentia belonging to the family Moraceae. 
B. Anthodium or capitulum or head bears many sessile and small florets. The main axis becomes flat and called receptacle. It is a type of racemose inflorescence. Example: sunflower.
C. Spike in which peduncle has bisexual and sessile flowers. It is a type of the racemose inflorescence. 
D. Spikelet is small and special spike. Flowers are produced in the axil of fertile bracts called lemma. It is type of racemose inflorescence. 

So, the correct answer is 'Coenanthium'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence with single central achlamydeous female flower surrounded by number of achlamydeous male flowers is

  1. Cyathium

  2. Verticillaster

  3. Spadix

  4. Hypanthodium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A) Cyathium is the special inflorescence in which the single female flower is present in the center and is surrounded by a number of male flowers inside a cup-shaped involucre.

ex-Euphorbia.
B) Verticillaster is a special inflorescence in which flowers are arranged in two opposite cymose groups on each node.
ex-Osmium (Tulsi).
C) The spadix is a type of racemose inflorescence in which a spadix is covered by a spathe.
ex-maize and bananas.
D) Hypanthium has a flask-shaped fleshy receptacle a pore or ostiole lined by scales and as short canal bearing hair.
ex-Ficus(peepal)
So the correct option is 'Cyathium'.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Rhipidium inflorescence of Solanum nigrum is

  1. Modified scorpiod cyme

  2. Helicoid cyme

  3. Capitulum

  4. Multiparous cyme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  1. Rhipidium is scorpioid cyme having all flowers in one plane.Ex. Solanum nigrum
  2. In helicoid cyme, the flowers are born on one side. Ex Begonia
  3. Capitulum also called Racemose head in which peduncle is flattened that form receptacle that holds centripetally arranged sessile flowers or floret surrounded by an involucre of bracts. Ex Sunflower Helianthus annuu.
  4. In multiparous cyme, the main branch converts into flower the old flower at the center and younger at the periphery while it produces lateral branch as well. Ex Calatropis.
So the correct option is "Modified scorpioid cyme".

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence having unisexual sessile flowers is

  1. Spike

  2. Spikelet

  3. Catkin

  4. Raceme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A catkin is a slim, cylindrical cluster of flowers with no petals, usually wind-pollinated and sometimes insect pollinated. The female flowers in catkin are sessile and solitary in the axilla of a bractea longer than themselves. In spike, flowers are bisexual, sessile or non- pedicellate. In spikelet, flowers are hermaphrodite. In raceme, flowers are pedicellate an bisexual.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence of sunflower is

  1. Umbel

  2. Cyathium

  3. Hypanthodium

  4. Capitulum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Sunflower is an annual plant of family Asteraceae with a large head (capitulum), which is the characteristic inflorescence of sunflower. Depending upon the variety, the inflorescence may consist of ray flowers, disk flowers or both. The ovary of each flower is situated below the attachment of the corolla and stamens, a condition referred to as epigynous or inferior. This is the largest family of flowering plants
So, the correct answer is 'Capitulum'
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

The inflorescence found in the coconut plant is

  1. Spadix

  2. Compound spadix

  3. Compound spike

  4. Compound corymb
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  1. The type of inflorescence in which flowers are protected by enveloping bracts known as a spathe. ex:-banana.
  2. The flowers are protected by spathe but the axis is branched. ex: palm and coconut.
  3. The axis is branched and the flowers are born sessile on the branches. ex: wheat.
  4. When the main axis is branched and flowers are arranged in a corymbose manner. ex:-cauliflower
So the correct option is "Compound spadix".

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Axis between corolla and androecium is

  1. Anthophore

  2. Gynophore

  3. Gynandrophore

  4. Androphore
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The axis or the internode that elongates between the corolla and androecium is called androphore. It is also called as gynandrophore. Anthophore is present between calyx and corolla. Gynophore is present between androecium and gynoecium.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Androphore'

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Cup-like structure developed from adnation of sepals, petals and stamens is

  1. Cyathium

  2. Hypanthodium

  3. Hypanthium

  4. Capitulum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hypanthium is the cup-like structure that develops from the fusion of sepals petals and stamens to the thalamus outgrowth and it is seen in the family Rosaceae. 

A. Cyathium is the inflorescence seen in Euphorbia in which a cup-shaped involucre surrounds pistillate flowers. 
B. Hypanthodium is the flask-shaped inflorescence, the male flowers are near the periphery while the female flowers are near the centre. Example, Ficus.
C. Hypanthium is the cup-like structure that develops from the fusion of sepals petals and stamens to the thalamus outgrowth and it is seen in the family Rosaceae
D. The capitulum is the head like inflorescence having an aggregation of the sessile flowers. Example, Asteraceae.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Hypanthium'

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Consider the following statements.
(a) In racemose inflorescence the flowers are borne in a basipetal order.
(b) Epigynous flowers are seen in rose plants.

(c) In Brinjal, the ovary is superior.
Of these statements

  1. A and b are true but c is false

  2. A and c are true but b is false

  3. A and b are false but c is true

  4. B and c are true but a is false

  5. A and c are false but b is true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

(a) In the racemose type of inflorescence, the youngest flower is borne near the apex and the oldest is borne at the base of the inflorescence. This is called the acropetal order. Basipetal order is seen in the cymose inflorescence.

(b) Rose belongs to the family wherein, the ovary is superior and present in a hypanthium, so the flowers in rose plants are hypogynous.
(c) Brinjal belongs to the family Solanaceae. It has hypogynous flowers as the ovary is superior.
Hence, the correct answer is 'A and B are false but C is true'.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

In moss capsule, the number of peristome whorls are

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In mosses, the peristome is a specialized structure in the sporangium that allows for gradual spore discharge, instead of releasing them all at once.
Peristome is a ring of triangular teeth formed from the remnants of dead cells with thickened cell walls. There are usually 16 such teeth in a single peristome, separate from each other and able to both fold in to cover the stoma as well as fold back to open the stoma. There are two rings of peristome teeth - an inner endostome and an exostome. These are also referred as perostome whorls.
Therefore the correct option is B. 

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of plant is called?

  1. Inflorescence

  2. Phyllotaxy

  3. Placentation

  4. Corymb
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. An inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of the plant. Two major types of the inflorescence are - 1. Racemose - the shoot axis continues to grow indefinitely and the flowers are borne in acropetal succession. Examples are radish, Lupin, and mustard. 2. Cymose - the main axis terminates into a flower and has a limited growth and the flowers are borne in a basipetal order. Examples are begonia, teak, and Solanum.
B. Phyllotaxy is the pattern in which the leaves are arranged on the stem or its branches. The leaves are arranged in three ways - 1. Alternate - single leaf is present at each node in the alternate fashion. Examples are China rose, mustard, and sunflower. 2. Opposite - a pair of leaves arise at each node on the opposite side, the leaves lie opposite to each other at each node. Examples are guava and calotropis. 3. Whorled - more than two leaves arise at each node and form a whorl or a circle, the leaves of one whorl alternate the leaves of the next successive whorl so that all the leaves receive maximum sunlight. Examples are Alstonia and Nerium.
C. Placentation is the arrangement of ovules on placenta within the ovary. It is of six types- marginal, axile, parietal, free central and basal.
D. A corymb is lower flowers have long pedicels than upper ones so that all the flowers are brought more or less to the same level. The main axis is short. Examples are Iberis and Capsella.

So, the correct answer is 'inflorescence'.
Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

The pathway leading to flowering for plants that requires vernalization is the

  1. Seasonal pathway

  2. Light dependent pathway

  3. Temperature dependent pathway

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vernalization is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter. Therefore, it is classified as a temperature dependent pathway.