Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Lateral roots are endogenous in origin as they develop from

  1. Cortex

  2. Endodermis

  3. Pericycle

  4. Vascular strands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The roots that arise horizontally from the primary roots which provide anchorage to the plants and fixes it into the soil. 
  • These roots help in the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil which is required for the growth and development of the plants.
  • They are endogenous in nature as it is developed from the cells of the pericycle which become meristematic and undergoes periclinal (parallel to the surface of a part) and anticlinal (right angles to the surface) division.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Pericycle'.
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Passage cell is always  located opposite to 

  1. Protoxylem elements

  2. Metaxylem elements

  3. Phloem

  4. Pith
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Passage cells are also known as transfusion cells.
  • They are thin-walled cells which lack suberin and are found in the endodermis (is the central innermost layer of the cortex) of vascular plants (plants which consist of vascular tissues i.e, xylem and phloem).
  • They are located opposite the protoxylem strands or elements.
  • They are found in the endodermis of dicots.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Protoxylem elements'.
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Ground tissue includes

  1. All tissues internal to endodermis

  2. All tissues external to endodermis

  3. All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles

  4. Epidermis and cortex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues except dermal or vascular tissues. It is divided into three classes based on the nature of the cell walls. Parenchyma cells have thin primary walls and remain alive on maturation. Collenchyma cells have thin walls with some areas having secondary thickening. It provides additional structural support in regions of new growth. Sclerenchyma cells have thick secondary walls and is often dead. It provides the main structural support to a plant
So, the correct answer is 'All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles'
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Passage cells are characteristic of

  1. Primary endodermis of dicots

  2. Secondary endodermis of monocots

  3. Bundle sheath of leaves

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Passage cells forms the endodermis of older roots of monocots. They are thin walled and have casparian strips, unlike the other cells that becomes suberized and waterproof. Passage cells function to allow transfer of solutes into the stele, in order to eventually reach the transpiration system.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

In roots, the pericycle give rise to

  1. Lateral roots and cork cambium

  2. Cortex and pith

  3. Xylem and phloem

  4. Epidermis and vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pericycle is a primary tissue of plant roots and is the site for the initiation of lateral roots and two secondary meristems, the vascular cambium and cork cambium (phellogen). 

The pericycle is a cylinder of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells that lies just inside the endodermis and is the outer most part of the stele of plants. Although it is composed of non-vascular parenchyma cells, it is still considered part of the vascular cylinder, because it arises from the procambium as do the vascular tissues it surrounds.
In dicots, it also has the capacity to produce lateral roots. Branch roots arise from this primary meristem tissue. In plants undergoing secondary growth, the pericycle contributes to the vascular cambium often diverging into a cork cambium
So, the correct answer is 'Lateral roots and cork cambium'

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

The layers of cells lying between endodermis and vascular bundle is

  1. Cortex

  2. Pith

  3. Pericycle

  4. Exodermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The layers of cells lying between endodermis and vascular bundle is pericycle. The pericycle is a cylinder of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells that lies just inside the endodermis and is the outer most part of the stele of plants. Although it is composed of non-vascular parenchyma cells, it is still considered part of the vascular cylinder, because it arises from the procambium as do the vascular tissues it surrounds.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Passage cells are thin-walled cells found in

  1. Central region of style through which the pollen tube grows towards the ovary

  2. Endodermis of roots facilitating rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle

  3. Phloem elements that serve as entry points for substances for transport to other plant parts

  4. Testa of seeds to enable emergence of growing embryonic axis during seed germination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Passage cells are endodermal cells of older roots which have retained thin walls and Casparian strips rather than becoming suberized and waterproof like the other cells around them, to continue to allow some symplastic flow to the inside (cortex to pericycle). 

Passage cells function to allow transfer of solutes, such as calcium and magnesium into the stele, in order to eventually reach the transpiration system. 

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Pith and cortex belongs to 

  1. Epidermis

  2. Ground tissue

  3. Vascular tissue

  4. Bundle sheath
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In the stem, the pith and the cortex make up the ground tissue. The pith is located within the cylinder of vascular tissue, where it often exhibits a spongy texture because of the presence of large intercellular air spaces. If the growth of the pith fails to keep up with that of the surrounding tissues, the pith may degenerate, producing a hollow stem. In general, roots lack piths, although there are exceptions to this rule. 

In contrast, the cortex, which is located between the epidermis and the vascular cylinder, is present in both stems and roots. 

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Casparian strip occurs in

  1. Pericycle

  2. Endodermis

  3. Epiblema

  4. Cortex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis. It is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall. Casparian strip is made of suberin and sometimes lignin. It blocks the passive flow of materials, such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant. 

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Casparian strips are characteristic feature of endodermis, made up of

  1. Cutin

  2. Pectin

  3. Suberin

  4. Cellulose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In plant anatomy, the Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis and is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall the cell wall.

The Casparian strip is made up of suberin and sometimes lignin. It blocks the passive flow of materials, such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant. Thus, option C is correct.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Casparian strips occur in

  1. Longitudinal and radial walls of epidermal cells

  2. Longitudinal walls of xylem

  3. All walls of endodermis

  4. Radial and tangential walls of endodermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and tangential walls of the endodermis and is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall, the cell wall being made of lignin and without suberin, whereas the Casparian strip is made of suberin and sometimes lignin. It blocks the passive flow of materials such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant. It varies in width and is often much narrower than the wall in which it occurs. It is typically located closer to the inner tangential wall than the outer. 

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Passage cells are thin-walled cells found in

  1. Central region of style through which the pollen tube grows towards the ovary

  2. Endodermis of roots facilitating rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle

  3. Phloem elements that serve as entry points for substances for transport to other plants parts

  4. Testa of seeds to enable emergence of growing embryonic axis during seed germination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Passage cells are endodermal cells of older roots, which have retained thin walls and Casparian strips rather than becoming suberized and waterproof like the other cells around them, to continue to allow some symplastic flow to the inside. Passage cells function to allow transfer of solutes, such as calcium and magnesium into the stele, in order to eventually reach the transpiration system. 

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Pith and cortex belongs to

  1. Epidermis

  2. Ground tissue

  3. Vascular tissue

  4. Bundle sheath
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Epidermis is the part of epidermal tissue system and forms the outer protective covering of primary plant body. 

All tissues of a plant body except epidermal and vascular tissues system makes ground tissue, which can be intrastelar and extrastelar tissue, depending on its position with respect to stele. 
Cortex and endodermis constitute extra stelar ground tissue, while pericycle, pith and medullary ray constitute the intra stelar ground tissue. 
Vascular tissues system comprise of xylem, phloem and cambium. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Casparian strip occurs in:

  1. Pericycle

  2. Endodermis

  3. Epidermis

  4. Cortex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The innermost layer of cortex forms endodermis, which has compactly arranged barrel shaped cells. The primary thin walled endodermis shows suberin deposition in form of bands or strips that run around the radial and end walls of the cells and forms Casparian strips. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Cortex is formed from

  1. Cambium

  2. Procambium

  3. Ground meristem

  4. Protoderm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • In plants, the cortex forms the outermost layer of the stem or root which are surrounded by the epidermis layer. 
  • Cortex is made up of differentiated cells which are large and thin-walled parenchyma cells.
  • The outer cortical cells of the cortex have irregularly thickened collenchyma cells.
  • The parenchyma and collenchyma cells are a part of the ground tissue system.
So, the correct answer is 'Ground meristem'