Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

The part of the flower that contains ovules is

  1. Carpel

  2. Stamen

  3. Petal

  4. Sepal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The carpel is one of the leaflike, seed-bearing structures that constitute the innermost whorl of a flower. The seeds of flowering plants are enclosed inside an ovary which contains ovule. The ovary is part of a flower's female reproductive structure called a carpel. A flower can have one or more carpels. If there are many carpels, they can be separate or fused together. Together, all the carpels are called a gynoecium, or a pistil.

So the correct option is 'carpel'.

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

What is the function of filiform apparatus in an angiospermic embryo sac?

  1. Brings about opening of the pollen tube

  2. Guides the pollen tube into a synergid

  3. Prevents entry of more than one pollen tube into a synergid

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The synergid cell wall forming an extremely thick structure at the micropylar end is called the filiform apparatus. It bears several finger-like projections into the structure of synergid cytoplasm. The function of filiform apparatus is to guide entry of pollen tube and release of sperm cells. 

So, the correct option is 'Guides the pollen tube into a synergid'.

Multiple choice botany reproductive morphology introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

An inflorescence with single, oldest, female flower and many younger male flower has to be

  1. verticillaster

  2. hypanthodium

  3. spike

  4. cyathium.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

An inflorescence with single, oldest, female flower and many younger male flowers is cyathium. For example, inflorescence in Euphorbia

So, the correct answer is 'cyathium.'

Multiple choice botany reproductive morphology introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

In an inflorescence where flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession, the position of the youngest floral bud shall be

  1. Proximai

  2. Distal

  3. Intercalary

  4. Anywhere
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
In race mose inflorescence younger flowers are born at the apex or distal end while older flowers are at the base, this type of succession is acropetal succession. Thus, the position of youngest floral but would be distal. 
Correct option is B.
Multiple choice botany reproductive morphology introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Which statement is incorrect for cymose inflorescence?

  1. Basipetal arrangement of flowers

  2. The main axis continues to grow

  3. The main axis terminates in a flower

  4. Definite inflorescence
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In a cymose inflorescence, the main axis terminates in a flower, which restricts its further continuous growth and results in a basipetal arrangement of flowers where older flowers are at the top. Therefore, the statement that the main axis continues to grow is incorrect.

Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Mycorrhiza acts as

  1. Mechanical tissue

  2. Root hair in adverse conditions

  3. Modified root

  4. Organ for vegetative propagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mycorrhizae extend the root system's reach, helping plants absorb water and nutrients, effectively acting like root hairs, especially in nutrient-poor or adverse soil conditions.

Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Select the true statements out of the following.
(A) VAM is useful for phosphate absorption.
(B) Most of the lichens are ascolichens.
(C) Trebouxia is most common phycobiont in lichens.

  1. Only A and B

  2. Only B and C

  3. Only C

  4. A, B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are classified as per their fungal component and the species  are given the same binomial name as per the fungus species in the lichen. The  partner in a lichen which enables photosynthesis is called as photobiont and the algal photobionts are called as phycobionts. Trebouxia, a genus of green algae is most common phycobiont and occurs in 40% of all lichens.
Since, the fungal component of the lichen may be a ascomycete or a basidiomycete, the associated lichens to ascomycetes are called as ascolichens.
Vesicular Arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM fungi) forms symbiosis with higher plants. This type of symbiosis helps in the intake of nutrients especially phosphorus.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology through the alimentary canal guttation excretion in plants long distance transport of water

The main waste products of plants are

  1. CO$ _2$ and NO$ _2$.
  2. CO$ _2$ and water vapour.
  3. CO$ _2$, O$ _2$ and water vapour.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Plants eliminate some waste through diffusion. During the day, excess oxygen gas produced by photosynthesis is released through the stomata. Carbon dioxide produced by respiration is normally used up during photosynthesis. At night, however, as photosynthesis slows, carbon dioxide is not used up as fast as it is produced, and it is released as a waste product. Plants also release waste water by transpiration and guttation. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology life processes guttation excretion in plants long distance transport of water

Resin canals in Pinus are formed.

  1. By the separation of secretory cells

  2. By the destruction of secretory cells

  3. Partly by separation and partly by destruction of secretary cells

  4. By large intercellular spaces of the cortex of the stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Resin canals in Pinus are lysigenous or schizogenous in origin, but in the context of botanical anatomy, they are typically described as being formed by the separation of secretory cells (schizogenous).

Multiple choice botany transpiration guttation excretion in plants long distance transport of water

Guttation occurs through

  1. Stomata

  2. Lenticels

  3. Cuticle

  4. Hydathodes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hydathodes release water in the form of small water droplets and hence are responsible for guttation.

Stomata causes Transpiration and exchange of gases.
Lenticels cause exchange of gases.
Cuticle is the protective covering.
So the correct answer is 'Hydathodes'.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

The process of removing stamens from the flower bud during hybridization is called as

  1. Crossing

  2. Selfing

  3. Emasculation

  4. Caping
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Emasculation involves the removal of stamens from bisexual flowers of the female parents in order to avoid self-pollination in these flowers. It is done before the anthers are mature. If in a condition the female parent bears bisexual flowers, then elimination of anthers from the flower bud before the anther matures. This step is known as emasculation.  

Caping is the covering of flower for preventing cross pollination. Crossing refers to hybridization. Selfing occurs in bisexual flowers. 
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

For hybridisation, which part is removed from bisexual flowers

  1. Stigma

  2. Stigma and style

  3. Anthers

  4. Ovary.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Emasculation is the process of removing the anthers from a bisexual flower to prevent self-pollination, ensuring that the flower can only be fertilized by the desired pollen during hybridization.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Coleorhiza and coleoptile are the protective sheaths covering _________ and _________ respectively.

  1. Radicle, plumule

  2. Plumule, radicle

  3. Plumule, hypocotyl

  4. Epicotyl, radicle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In monocot seeds, the coleorhiza protects the radicle, and the coleoptile protects the plumule during germination.