Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Which of the following pairs of terms is a correct match?

  1. Ovule-egg

  2. Pollen grain-sperm

  3. Seed-zygote

  4. Embryo sac-female gametophyte

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Ovule- The ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. The ovule is located inside the portion of the flower called the gynoecium.

Pollen grain- A pollen grain is a microscopic body that contains the male reproductive cell of a plant. Pollen grains represent the male portion of the reproductive process in plants and trees.
Seed- A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering. The embryo is developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule.
Embryo sac- the female gametophyte of a seed plant consisting of a thin-walled sac within the nucellus that contains the egg nucleus and other nuclei which give rise to endosperm on fertilization.
So the correct option is 'all of these'

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

From which part of the ovary do seeds and fruit develop?

  1. Ovaries; Ovules

  2. Ovules; Ovaries

  3. Ovules; Stamens

  4. Stamens; Ovaries
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The ovule  develops into seed and ovary develops into fruit and seeds are enclosed within the fruit. Both are result of fertilisation in angiosperm plant. 

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

In 82% of angiosperm families, ovule is

  1. Anatropous

  2. Orthotropous

  3. Amphitropous

  4. Circinotropous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In gymnosperms, the ovules lie uncovered on the scales of the cone. In angiosperms, one or more ovules are enclosed by the ovary (the portion of the carpel or female reproductive organ). Each ovule is attached by its base to the stalk (funiculus) that bears it. 
Based on the form and position of the ovule they are classified as orthotropous are simplest and primitive type ovules stand out straight into the cavity of the ovary; campylotropous ovules are at right angles to the funiculus; anatropous are most common type  ovules are directed back toward the funiculus or completely inverted ovule turned back 180 degree on its stalk. Intermediate forms also occur
So, the correct answer is 'Anatropous'
Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The ovule is comparable to

  1. megasporangium

  2. microsporangium

  3. megasporophyll

  4. microsporophyll
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: The integument(s), forming its outer layer(s), the nucellus (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the female gametophyte (formed from a haploid megaspore) in its centre.

So, the correct option is, 'megasporangium'.

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Ovule in which funicle, chalaza and micropyle occur in one vertical plane is _________.

  1. Anatropous

  2. Orthotropous

  3. Amphitropous

  4. Campylotropous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Those ovules in which the funicle, chalaza and micropyle lie in one straight line are called orthotropous ovules. Example, Urticaceae.

A. Anatropous ovules are those that have turned 180$^{o}$ and so the micropyle lies close to the hilum.
B. Orthotropous ovules are those that have funicle, chalaza and micropyle lie in one straight line.
C. Amphitropous ovules are curved and are horseshoe shaped.
D. Campylotropous ovules are curved such that micropyle and hilum do not lie in the straight line.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Orthotropous'.

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Following meiosis in ovules, how many megaspores are formed?

  1. Two

  2. Four

  3. Six

  4. Eight
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. The megaspore is produced inside the nucleus of the ovule. During megasporogenesis, the megasporocyte or megaspore mother cell, undergoes meiosis to produce initially four haploid cells (the megaspores). After megasporogenesis, the megaspore develops into the female gametophyte (the embryo sac) in a process called megasporogenesis

So, the correct answer is 'four'

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

The part of the flower that contains ovules is

  1. Carpel

  2. Stamen

  3. Petal

  4. Sepal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The carpel is one of the leaflike, seed-bearing structures that constitute the innermost whorl of a flower. The seeds of flowering plants are enclosed inside an ovary which contains ovule. The ovary is part of a flower's female reproductive structure called a carpel. A flower can have one or more carpels. If there are many carpels, they can be separate or fused together. Together, all the carpels are called a gynoecium, or a pistil.

So the correct option is 'carpel'.

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

What is the function of filiform apparatus in an angiospermic embryo sac?

  1. Brings about opening of the pollen tube

  2. Guides the pollen tube into a synergid

  3. Prevents entry of more than one pollen tube into a synergid

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The synergid cell wall forming an extremely thick structure at the micropylar end is called the filiform apparatus. It bears several finger-like projections into the structure of synergid cytoplasm. The function of filiform apparatus is to guide entry of pollen tube and release of sperm cells. 

So, the correct option is 'Guides the pollen tube into a synergid'.

Multiple choice botany reproductive morphology introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

An inflorescence with single, oldest, female flower and many younger male flower has to be

  1. verticillaster

  2. hypanthodium

  3. spike

  4. cyathium.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

An inflorescence with single, oldest, female flower and many younger male flowers is cyathium. For example, inflorescence in Euphorbia

So, the correct answer is 'cyathium.'

Multiple choice botany reproductive morphology introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

In an inflorescence where flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession, the position of the youngest floral bud shall be

  1. Proximai

  2. Distal

  3. Intercalary

  4. Anywhere
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
In race mose inflorescence younger flowers are born at the apex or distal end while older flowers are at the base, this type of succession is acropetal succession. Thus, the position of youngest floral but would be distal. 
Correct option is B.
Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Mycorrhiza acts as

  1. Mechanical tissue

  2. Root hair in adverse conditions

  3. Modified root

  4. Organ for vegetative propagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mycorrhizae extend the root system's reach, helping plants absorb water and nutrients, effectively acting like root hairs, especially in nutrient-poor or adverse soil conditions.

Multiple choice botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

Select correct statement w.r.t. mycorrhiza 

  1. Ectomycorrhiza forms hartig net in the intracellular spaces of cortex cells

  2. Endotrophic mycorrhiza are mostly basidiaamycetes members

  3. VAM is a special type of endomycorrhiza and absorbs phosphate

  4. Mycorrhizal or fungal roots have root cap and root hairs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • The ectomycorrhiza's hyphae does not penetrate the cortex cells and they only colonize in the intercellular spaces between them, and this network of hyphae are called as hartig net. So, the first statement is correct.
  • The endotrophic mycorrhiza are a type of arbascular mycorrhiza.
  • Vesicular arbascular mycorrhiza help the plants to grow well by colonizing their roots and helping them to efficiently absorb the phosphate in the soil.
  • So the correct option is 'VAM is a special type of endomycorrhiza and absorbs phosphate'.