Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Which one lacks both roots and stomata?

  1. Hydrophytes

  2. Mesophytes

  3. Hygrophytes

  4. Halophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrophytes are water loving plants. Stomata are absent in submerged hydrophytic plants. But floating hydrophytes have stomata on upper surface. e.g., lotus. Exchange of gases occurs through general surface in submerged hydrophytes. Emergent hydrophytes possess special air storage parenchyma called aerenchyma. It makes their different parts light, spongy and flexible. It can also help in exchange of gases with the atmosphere through stomata present in emergent regions. Roots of hydrophytes are poorly developed or completely absent in Wolffia. 

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

One of the following is not true for hydrophytes.

  1. Vessels are usually absent.

  2. Trachieds are absent.

  3. Cuticle is poorly developed.

  4. Air chambers are well developed.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In hydrophytes, generally xylem is poorly developed. Tracheids are developed but vessels are completely absent. Hydrophytes possess special air storage parenchyma called aerenchyma. Cuticle is poorly developed.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Excessive aerenchyma is characteristic of

  1. Hydrophytes

  2. Xerophytes

  3. Mesophytes

  4. Heliophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrophytes possess special air storage parenchyma tissue, called as aerenchyma. It makes different parts of hydrophytes, light, spongy and flexible. It makes oxygen produced during photosynthesis, available to roots and other non photosynthetic regions. It can also help in exchange of gases with the atmosphere through stomata present in emerged regions of plants. 

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Crystal sand found in Atropa cells is made of

  1. Calcium oxalate

  2. Calcium carbonate

  3. Silica

  4. Silica and iron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Minerals crystals are found in plant cell walls in the form of calcium oxalate, carbonate or silica.
  • Calcium oxalate occurs in the form of a mass of crystals around a cellulosic core in few plants.
  • Crystal sand is the calcium oxalate deposition in cells in the form of powdery mass and is seen in Atropa.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Calcium oxalate'.
Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Raphides are formed of

  1. Calcium oxalate

  2. Calcium carbonate

  3. Sodium chloride

  4. Sodium carbonate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Minerals crystals are found in plant cell walls in the form of calcium oxalate, carbonate or silica.
  • Calcium oxalate occurs in the form of a mass of crystals around a cellulosic core in few plants.
  • Calcium oxalate crystals occur in the form of needle-shaped in few plant cells and are called raphides.
  • Eg- Water hyacinth.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Calcium oxalate'.
Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Finely dissected leaf may be an adaptation of

  1. xerophytes

  2. psammophytes

  3. halophytes

  4. hydrophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Many hydrophytes have production of different forms of leaves in the same plant i.e., heterophylly. In submerged aquatics with free-floating aerial leaves, the submerged leaves are generally linear, ribbon-shaped or finely dissected while the aerial leaves are complete and rounded or lobed.


So, the correct answer is " hydrophytes ".

Multiple choice biology for the continuity of generation fertilization in human being fertilization in humans human fertilization

Zygote is formed by

  1. Fusion of two cells

  2. Fusion of gametes

  3. Fusion of only chloroplast portion of gametes

  4. Fusion of polar cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Zygote or the fertilized egg is the diploid cell that is formed from the fusion of a female gamete (ovum) with a male gamete (sperm). Zygote is the universal diploid cell. The zygote undergoes cleavage to form the embryo. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

In cacti, the succulence is mostly in 

  1. Stem

  2. Leaves

  3. Roots

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In cacti, the succulence is mostly in the stems because the leaves of the cacti are reduced to thrones to minimize the surface areas and therefor the water evaporation through them. the cacti have a shallow widespread network of roots that enables them to absorb water, therefore the roots are not succulent. the cacti have thick stems that store maximum amount of water in the entire plant. So, the correct answer is 'Stem'.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Lamina is reduced in

  1. Xerophytes

  2. Mesophytes

  3. Hydrophytes

  4. Climbers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lamina is reduced in xerophytic plants. In xerophytes, the petiole is modified into expanded green structure which carries out photosynthesis in case of reduced lamina.  For example, in Australian acacia.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Xerophytes.'

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Which one is a exclusive xerophytic adaptation?

  1. Absence of stomata

  2. Long tap root system

  3. Stipular leaves

  4. Spines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

While many plants have spines or stipular leaves, a long tap root system is a classic, primary adaptation in many xerophytes to reach deep groundwater sources in arid environments.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Which of the following is not a character of xerophytes?

  1. Thick cuticle

  2. Well developed mechanical tissue

  3. Well developed conducting tissues

  4. Spongy parenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Xerophytes are the plants that survive in an environment having little supply of water or moisture. To survive with limited water supply they have anatomical modifications such as-

1) The epidermis is covered with thick cuticle to prevent water loss by transpiration.
2) Waxy coating is present on leaves and stem to prevent transpiration losses and stomata are generally confined on the lower surface of the epidermis of leaves.
3) Mechanical and vascular tissues are well developed.
4) The xerophytes have abundant palisade parenchyma and limited spongy parenchyma.
So, the correct answer is 'Spongy parenchyma'.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Deep roots occur in

  1. Perennial nonsucculent xerophytes

  2. Perennial succulent xerophytes

  3. Annual xerophytes

  4. Ephemeral xerophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In non-succulent Perennial have extensive root systems, roots penetrate deep into the soil and establish contact with sub-soil water. 

  • Some trees have deep, extensive root systems that anchor them to hillsides. Shrubs service berry is a deep-rooted deciduous shrub or small tree that grows best in well-drained, slightly acidic, moist soil. Ground covers, Vetiver Grass.
So, the correct option is 'Perennial non succulent xerophytes'

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Xerophytes possess

  1. Sunken stomata

  2. Deep roots

  3. Thick cuticle

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Xerophytes employ multiple strategies to conserve water, including sunken stomata to reduce transpiration, deep root systems to access water, and a thick waxy cuticle to prevent water loss.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Mechanical tissue is best developed in

  1. Hydrophytes

  2. Halophytes

  3. Xerophytes

  4. Mesophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mechanical tissues (like sclerenchyma) are highly developed in xerophytes to provide structural support and prevent wilting in the absence of high turgor pressure.