Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Hypodermis in monocotyledonous stem is?

  1. Parenchymatous

  2. Chlorenchymatous

  3. Collenchymatous

  4. Sclerenchymatous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The region present below the epidermis in monocot stem is hypodermis. It is composed with sclerenchyma. Sclerenchyma is dead mechanical tissue. It provides mechanical strength to the stem.

So, the correct option is 'Sclerenchyma’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

T.S. of stem of Cucurbita can be identified from the T.S. of sunflower stem by the presence of

  1. Bicollateral vascular bundles

  2. Conjoint vascular bundles

  3. Scattered vascular bundles

  4. Cambium in the vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The vascular bundles of cucurbita are many, conjoint, bicollateral, regularly arranged forming a broken ring or scattered in ground tissue and are endarch.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Undifferentiated ground tissue is present in stem of

  1. Sunflower

  2. Pisum

  3. Maize

  4. Cucurbita
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A.Sunflower – Ground tissue is differentiated into hypodermis, general cortex and endodermis, pericycle, medulla and medullary rays.

B.Pisum - Ground tissue is differentiated into hypodermis, general cortex and endodermis, pericycle, medulla and medullary rays.

C.Maize – Ground tissue is undifferentiated.

D.Cucurbita - Ground tissue is differentiated into hypodermis, general cortex and endodermis, pericycle, medulla and medullary rays.

So, the correct option is ‘Maize’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Secondary growth does not occur in monocots as their vascular bundles are

  1. Radial

  2. Scattered

  3. Enclosed by sclerenchyma

  4. Closed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Secondary growth does not take place in monocotyledons, because of the absence of cambium between xylem and phloem in vascular bundles. These vascular bundles are called closed vascular bundles.

So, the correct option is ‘Closed’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Grafting is not possible in monocots because they

  1. Lack cambium

  2. Have scattered vascular bundles

  3. Have parallel venation

  4. Are herbaceous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In monocot stem, cambium is absent in the vascular bundles. Due to this, grafting is not possible in monocot stem

So, the correct answer is ‘Lack cambium’

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Conjoint and closed vascular bundles with no phloem parenchyma are observed in

  1. Monocot stem

  2. Dicot stem

  3. Monocot root

  4. Dicot root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A.Monocot stem - conjoint, closed vascular bundles are present, in which phloem parenchyma is absent in the phloem.

B.Dicot stem - Conjoint, open vascular bundles are present, in which phloem parenchyma is present in the phloem.
C.Monocot root - Radial vascular bundles are present, in which phloem parenchyma is absent.
D.Dicot root - Radial vascular bundles are present, in which phloem parenchyma is present.
So, the correct option is 'Monocot stem'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Which of the following characters is not found in the transverse section of monocot stem?

  1. Sclerenchymatous bundle sheath

  2. Lysigenous cavity

  3. Sclerenchymatous hypodermis

  4. Starch sheath
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The anatomy of monocot stem shows outer single layered epidermis with cuticle and stomata, sclerenchymatous hypodermis, large, wide parenchymatous ground tissue. In this vascular bundles are scatteredly arranged. So the stele is called Atactostele. Vascular bundles are outerly surrounded by sclerenchymatous fibres. So they are called fibrovascular bundles and are collateral, conjoint, closed with endarch xylem. Protoxylem lacuna is present. General cortex, endodermis, pericycle, medulla and medullary rays are absent.

So, the correct option is ‘Starch sheath’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Water containing Lysigenous cavity is present within the vascular bundles.

  1. Monocot stem

  2. Dicot stem

  3. Monocot root

  4. Dicot root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The vascular bundle showing protoxylem vessels and parenchyma cell which dissolve leading to the formation of water cavity called lysigenous cavity such vascular bundles are found in monocot stem .
So the correct answer is A .

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

The stele found in monocot is:

  1. Haplostele

  2. Atactostele

  3. Dictyostele

  4. Actinostele
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The stele is the central part of the root and stem which contains tissues derived from the procambium, in monocots, the vascular bundles are scattered and the stele is an atactostele.

So, the correct option is 'Atactostele'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)
Y-shaped arrangement of xylem vessels is found in

  1. Monocot stem

  2. Dicot stem

  3. Monocot root

  4. Dicot root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Y-shaped arrangement of xylem vessels is found in monocot stem, two metaxylem vessels are located at the upper two arms, while the base or the stick of the letter consists of one or two protoxylem vessels.

So, the correct  answer is 'Monocot stem'

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)
Lysigenous cavity in monocot stem vascular bundles develops by the dissolution of

  1. protoxylem

  2. metaxylem

  3. phloem

  4. ground tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In monocot stem (Maize), the xylem appears Y shaped. The lowermost or innermost protoxylem undergoes disintegration to produce lysigenous cavities also called the protoxylem lacuna.

So, the correct answer is 'protoxylem'

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)
Select the incorrect statement regarding the anatomy of a typical monocotyledonous stem

  1. Phloem parenchyma is absent.

  2. Vascular bundles are scattered, conjoint, collateral and closed

  3. Each vascular bundle is surrounded by a bundle sheath.

  4. Ground tissue is differentiated into cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In a monocot stem (Example Maize), the stem is differentiated into Epidermis, hypodermis and ground tissue. In the ground tissue are embedded vascular bundles that are conjoint, colateral and closed.The vascular bundles are not enclosed by endodermis and pericycle.

So, the correct answer is 'Ground tissue is differentiated into cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith'

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Schlerenchymatous hypodermis is found in?

  1. Dicot root

  2. Monocot leaf

  3. Dicot stem

  4. Monocot stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The sclerenchymatous hypodermis is present in a monocotyledonous stem. It is 2-3 layered thick and lies below type epidermis. It is made up of thick-walled lignified sclerenchyma fibers.

So, the correct answer is 'Monocot stem'.
Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)
Secondary growth usually does not occur in

  1. Stems and roots of dicots

  2. Stems and roots of gymnosperms

  3. Stems and roots of monocots

  4. Both (b) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Stems of monocots do not have lateral or secondary cambium. Roots of both monocots and dicots do not have secondary or lateral cambium. Hence, true secondary growth does not occur in stems and roots of monocots. But, in some exceptional cases if secondary growth takes place due to dedifferentiation of tissue cells of the cortex, pericycle etc into meristematic tissue this type of secondary growth is called anomalous secondary growth.

So, the correct answer is 'Stems and roots of monocots'