Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology for the continuity of generation fertilization in human being fertilization in humans human fertilization

Zygote is formed by the process of

  1. Anisogamy

  2. Isogamy

  3. Oogamy

  4. Syngamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The process of fusion between a haploid male nucleus and an egg nucleus is known as amphimixis. It is also known as syngamy or fertilization which leads to formation of a diploid zygote. It leads to the recombination of character which causes variation. It is a mode of sexual reproduction.

A single sperm fuses with the ova and releases its nuclei and cellular contents in the ovum. The condition when the multiple sperm fuses with a single ovum is known as polyspermy.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology for the continuity of generation fertilization in human being fertilization in humans human fertilization

Zygote is formed by

  1. Fusion of two cells

  2. Fusion of gametes

  3. Fusion of only chloroplast portion of gametes

  4. Fusion of polar cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Zygote or the fertilized egg is the diploid cell that is formed from the fusion of a female gamete (ovum) with a male gamete (sperm). Zygote is the universal diploid cell. The zygote undergoes cleavage to form the embryo. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology for the continuity of generation fertilization in human being fertilization in humans human fertilization

Which of the following is the correct sequence?

  1. $Gametogenesis \rightarrow Syngamy \rightarrow Embryogenesis \rightarrow Zygote$
  2. $Gametogenesis \rightarrow Syngamy \rightarrow Zygote \rightarrow Embryogenesis$
  3. $Syngamy \rightarrow Gametogenesis \rightarrow Embryogenesis \rightarrow Zygote$
  4. $Zygote \rightarrow Embryogenesis \rightarrow Syngamy \rightarrow Gametogenesis$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The male gamete is formed by spermatogenesis. The female gamete is formed by oogenesis. This process of formation of male and female gametes is called gametogenesis. Syngamy is a process in sexual reproduction that is defined as the fusion of the male gamete i.e., sperm with the female gamete i.e., egg resulting in the formation of a diploid zygote. Embryogenesis takes place eight weeks after fertilization. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology for the continuity of generation fertilization in human being fertilization in humans human fertilization

If there is no formation of egg cell during the development of ovule, then after fertilization which of the following structure will not develop?

  1. Embryo

  2. Endosperm

  3. Seed

  4. Fruit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

After fertilization in plant, ovule develops into the seed.  Fertilized egg get segmented and lined by the cell-membrane which forms plant-embryo. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

In cacti, the succulence is mostly in 

  1. Stem

  2. Leaves

  3. Roots

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In cacti, the succulence is mostly in the stems because the leaves of the cacti are reduced to thrones to minimize the surface areas and therefor the water evaporation through them. the cacti have a shallow widespread network of roots that enables them to absorb water, therefore the roots are not succulent. the cacti have thick stems that store maximum amount of water in the entire plant. So, the correct answer is 'Stem'.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Lamina is reduced in

  1. Xerophytes

  2. Mesophytes

  3. Hydrophytes

  4. Climbers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lamina is reduced in xerophytic plants. In xerophytes, the petiole is modified into expanded green structure which carries out photosynthesis in case of reduced lamina.  For example, in Australian acacia.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Xerophytes.'

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Which one is a exclusive xerophytic adaptation?

  1. Absence of stomata

  2. Long tap root system

  3. Stipular leaves

  4. Spines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

While many plants have spines or stipular leaves, a long tap root system is a classic, primary adaptation in many xerophytes to reach deep groundwater sources in arid environments.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Which of the following is not a character of xerophytes?

  1. Thick cuticle

  2. Well developed mechanical tissue

  3. Well developed conducting tissues

  4. Spongy parenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Xerophytes are the plants that survive in an environment having little supply of water or moisture. To survive with limited water supply they have anatomical modifications such as-

1) The epidermis is covered with thick cuticle to prevent water loss by transpiration.
2) Waxy coating is present on leaves and stem to prevent transpiration losses and stomata are generally confined on the lower surface of the epidermis of leaves.
3) Mechanical and vascular tissues are well developed.
4) The xerophytes have abundant palisade parenchyma and limited spongy parenchyma.
So, the correct answer is 'Spongy parenchyma'.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Deep roots occur in

  1. Perennial nonsucculent xerophytes

  2. Perennial succulent xerophytes

  3. Annual xerophytes

  4. Ephemeral xerophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In non-succulent Perennial have extensive root systems, roots penetrate deep into the soil and establish contact with sub-soil water. 

  • Some trees have deep, extensive root systems that anchor them to hillsides. Shrubs service berry is a deep-rooted deciduous shrub or small tree that grows best in well-drained, slightly acidic, moist soil. Ground covers, Vetiver Grass.
So, the correct option is 'Perennial non succulent xerophytes'

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Xerophytes possess

  1. Sunken stomata

  2. Deep roots

  3. Thick cuticle

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Xerophytes employ multiple strategies to conserve water, including sunken stomata to reduce transpiration, deep root systems to access water, and a thick waxy cuticle to prevent water loss.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Mechanical tissue is best developed in

  1. Hydrophytes

  2. Halophytes

  3. Xerophytes

  4. Mesophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mechanical tissues (like sclerenchyma) are highly developed in xerophytes to provide structural support and prevent wilting in the absence of high turgor pressure.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Which of the following is not an example of adaption in Xerophyte:

  1. CAM pathway

  2. Thick cuticle

  3. Absence of stomata

  4. Leaves reduces to spine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A xerophyte is the species of plants, that has the special characters to adapt in the environment with little water. Xerophytes plant have a thick waxy cuticle on the stem and leaves. This waxy cuticle reduces the water evaporation. In xerophytic plants, sunken stomata are present. which open during the night to prevent the water loss. To adapt in this environment, xerophytic plants leaves reduces into spines, which reduces the surface area of the leaf and reduces the amount of transpiration. The xerophytic plant makes their food through the CAM pathway.

So, the option is ' Absence of stomata '

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Micropyle occurs in 

  1. Seeds

  2. Ovule

  3. Ovary

  4. Stigma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A small opening formed by inner/both/outer integument and enclosed by ovule integument/s is called as micropyle. It serves as entry point of pollen tube into ovule. Option B is correct. Seed is a small embryonic plant that develops from fertilised ovule. A typical seed has seed coat, endosperm and embryo. Option A is incorrect. The basal swollen part of pistil represents ovary. It has ovarian cavity with one/more locules and a parenchymatous cushion, i.e., placenta that bear ovule. Option C is incorrect. The terminal receptive part of pistil is termed as stigma that serves as landing platform for pollens during pollination. Option D is incorrect. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Observe the example given in the box and find out how many of them possess single ovule in each ovary?


Papaya, water melon, wheat, paddy, orchids, and mango 

  1. Three

  2. Four

  3. Five

  4. Six
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

paddy, mango and wheat possess single ovule in each ovary whereas papaya, watermelon and orchids contain many