Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Secondary growth does not occur in monocots as their vascular bundles are

  1. Radial

  2. Scattered

  3. Enclosed by sclerenchyma

  4. Closed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Secondary growth does not take place in monocotyledons, because of the absence of cambium between xylem and phloem in vascular bundles. These vascular bundles are called closed vascular bundles.

So, the correct option is ‘Closed’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Grafting is not possible in monocots because they

  1. Lack cambium

  2. Have scattered vascular bundles

  3. Have parallel venation

  4. Are herbaceous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In monocot stem, cambium is absent in the vascular bundles. Due to this, grafting is not possible in monocot stem

So, the correct answer is ‘Lack cambium’

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Conjoint and closed vascular bundles with no phloem parenchyma are observed in

  1. Monocot stem

  2. Dicot stem

  3. Monocot root

  4. Dicot root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A.Monocot stem - conjoint, closed vascular bundles are present, in which phloem parenchyma is absent in the phloem.

B.Dicot stem - Conjoint, open vascular bundles are present, in which phloem parenchyma is present in the phloem.
C.Monocot root - Radial vascular bundles are present, in which phloem parenchyma is absent.
D.Dicot root - Radial vascular bundles are present, in which phloem parenchyma is present.
So, the correct option is 'Monocot stem'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Which of the following characters is not found in the transverse section of monocot stem?

  1. Sclerenchymatous bundle sheath

  2. Lysigenous cavity

  3. Sclerenchymatous hypodermis

  4. Starch sheath
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The anatomy of monocot stem shows outer single layered epidermis with cuticle and stomata, sclerenchymatous hypodermis, large, wide parenchymatous ground tissue. In this vascular bundles are scatteredly arranged. So the stele is called Atactostele. Vascular bundles are outerly surrounded by sclerenchymatous fibres. So they are called fibrovascular bundles and are collateral, conjoint, closed with endarch xylem. Protoxylem lacuna is present. General cortex, endodermis, pericycle, medulla and medullary rays are absent.

So, the correct option is ‘Starch sheath’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Water containing Lysigenous cavity is present within the vascular bundles.

  1. Monocot stem

  2. Dicot stem

  3. Monocot root

  4. Dicot root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The vascular bundle showing protoxylem vessels and parenchyma cell which dissolve leading to the formation of water cavity called lysigenous cavity such vascular bundles are found in monocot stem .
So the correct answer is A .

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

The stele found in monocot is:

  1. Haplostele

  2. Atactostele

  3. Dictyostele

  4. Actinostele
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The stele is the central part of the root and stem which contains tissues derived from the procambium, in monocots, the vascular bundles are scattered and the stele is an atactostele.

So, the correct option is 'Atactostele'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)
Y-shaped arrangement of xylem vessels is found in

  1. Monocot stem

  2. Dicot stem

  3. Monocot root

  4. Dicot root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Y-shaped arrangement of xylem vessels is found in monocot stem, two metaxylem vessels are located at the upper two arms, while the base or the stick of the letter consists of one or two protoxylem vessels.

So, the correct  answer is 'Monocot stem'

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)
Lysigenous cavity in monocot stem vascular bundles develops by the dissolution of

  1. protoxylem

  2. metaxylem

  3. phloem

  4. ground tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In monocot stem (Maize), the xylem appears Y shaped. The lowermost or innermost protoxylem undergoes disintegration to produce lysigenous cavities also called the protoxylem lacuna.

So, the correct answer is 'protoxylem'

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)
Select the incorrect statement regarding the anatomy of a typical monocotyledonous stem

  1. Phloem parenchyma is absent.

  2. Vascular bundles are scattered, conjoint, collateral and closed

  3. Each vascular bundle is surrounded by a bundle sheath.

  4. Ground tissue is differentiated into cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In a monocot stem (Example Maize), the stem is differentiated into Epidermis, hypodermis and ground tissue. In the ground tissue are embedded vascular bundles that are conjoint, colateral and closed.The vascular bundles are not enclosed by endodermis and pericycle.

So, the correct answer is 'Ground tissue is differentiated into cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith'

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Schlerenchymatous hypodermis is found in?

  1. Dicot root

  2. Monocot leaf

  3. Dicot stem

  4. Monocot stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The sclerenchymatous hypodermis is present in a monocotyledonous stem. It is 2-3 layered thick and lies below type epidermis. It is made up of thick-walled lignified sclerenchyma fibers.

So, the correct answer is 'Monocot stem'.
Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)
Secondary growth usually does not occur in

  1. Stems and roots of dicots

  2. Stems and roots of gymnosperms

  3. Stems and roots of monocots

  4. Both (b) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Stems of monocots do not have lateral or secondary cambium. Roots of both monocots and dicots do not have secondary or lateral cambium. Hence, true secondary growth does not occur in stems and roots of monocots. But, in some exceptional cases if secondary growth takes place due to dedifferentiation of tissue cells of the cortex, pericycle etc into meristematic tissue this type of secondary growth is called anomalous secondary growth.

So, the correct answer is 'Stems and roots of monocots'

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

The lacunae in the vascular bundles of monocot stem is

  1. A mucilage canal

  2. Protoxylem lacuna

  3. Lysigenous cavity

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The first xylem formed is called as protoxylem. Protoxylem is later torn apart and a cavity is formed. The entire protoxylem is dissolved hence, such cavity is called as lysigenous cavity. The protoxylem shows an empty space, called as 'lacuna'. 

This type of intercellular space arises through dissolution of entire cells, which are therefore called as lysigenous intercellular spaces. These cavities of intercellular spaces store up water, gases and essential oils in them. The examples are commonly found in water plants and many monocotyledonous plants.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Transverse section of a material exhibits conjoint collateral endarch and closed bundles scattered in a ground tissue, what should be the material?

  1. Monocot root

  2. Dicot root

  3. Monocot stem

  4. Dicot stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Monocot stem vascular bundles are found irregularly scattered in the ground tissue. 

Towards the periphery, the bundles are smaller in size while towards the centre, they are larger in size. The smaller bundles are younger, while the larger ones are older. Hence, the arrangement is described as endarch. 
Each vascular bundle has a covering called bundle sheath formed by a single layer of sclerenchyma cells. The vascular bundle encloses both xylem and phloem. Xylem is found towards the inner surface and phloem towards the outer surface. Cambium is absent. Hence the vascular bundles are described as conjoint, collateral and closed. 
Dicot stem vascular bundles are eight in number, arranged in form of a broken ring. The vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and open. Xylem is on the inner surface and phloem on the outer surface. Xylem is described as endarch. 
Dicot root vascular bundles are described as radial, open and tetrarch. There are four bundles each of xylem and phloem occurring alternately. Xylem is described as exarch. 
Monocot root vascular bundles are radial in arrangement. There are eight bundles each of xylem and phloem. Hence, the condition is described as polyarch. Xylem is described as exarch. 

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

T.S. of a material exhibits conjoint collateral endarch and closed bundles scattered in a ground tissue. What should be the material?

  1. Monocot root

  2. Dicot root

  3. Monocot stem

  4. Dicot stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Monocot stem vascular bundles are found irregularly scattered in the ground tissue. Towards the periphery, the bundles are smaller in size while towards the centre, they are larger in size. The smaller bundles are younger, while the larger ones are older. Hence, the arrangement is described as endarch. 

Each vascular bundle has a covering called bundle sheath formed by a single layer of sclerenchyma cells. The vascular bundle encloses both xylem and phloem. Xylem is found towards the inner surface and phloem towards the outer surface. Cambium is absent. Hence the vascular bundles are described as conjoint, collateral and closed. 
Dicot stem vascular bundles are eight in number, arranged in form of a broken ring. The vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and open. Xylem is on the inner surface and phloem on the outer surface. Xylem is described as endarch. 
Dicot root vascular bundles are described as radial, open and tetrarch. There are four bundles each of xylem and phloem occurring alternately. Xylem is described as exarch. 
Monocot root vascular bundles are radial in arrangement. There are eight bundles each of xylem and phloem. Hence, the condition is described as polyarch. Xylem is described as exarch. 

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

Atactostele is found in

  1. Dicot stem

  2. Monocot stem

  3. Dicot root

  4. Monocot root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Monocot stems, in which the stele consists of many vascular bundles in a complex arrangement, are said to have an atactostele. 

Atacostele is atype of eustele, found in monocots, in which the vascular tissue in the stem exists as scattered bundles. Thus, option B is correct.