Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Above ground cleistogamous flowers are formed late in the season in

  1. Balsam

  2. Viola

  3. Oxalis

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Cleistogamy is the phenomenon, where flowers never open and in such flowers, only self-pollination occurs within the bud (unopened flower). Bisexual flowers which do not open at all are called cleistogamous. In such flowers, anthers and stigma lie close to each other. When the anthers dehisce in the flower buds, pollen grains come in contact with the stigma and pollination occurs. Example of Cleistogamous flowers is Viola. Viola has two kinds of flowers, Chasmogamous flowers that are formed on the upper branches in early season, which are pollinated by insects and Cleistogamous flowers that are formed above the ground late in the season.
So, the correct answer is B.
Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types
Cleistogamy does not require anthesis because

  1. No pollination agent is required

  2. It assures heterozygosity

  3. It allows xenogamy

  4. It favours insect pollination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Anthesis is the flowering period in which flowers are fully opened.
Cleistogamy is the phenomenon, where flowers never open and in such flowers, only self-pollination occurs within the bud (unopened flower). Bisexual flowers which do not open at all are called cleistogamous. In such flowers, anthers and stigma lie close to each other. When the anthers dehisce in the flower buds, pollen grains come in contact with the stigma and pollination occurs. Cleistogamous flowers are not dependent on external agencies for pollination.  Since, Cleistogamous flowers have self pollination and don't depend on pollination agents, anthesis is required in them as these flowers do not open at all.
So, the correct answer is A.
Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Both autogamy and geitonogamy cannot occur in

  1. Papaya

  2. Cucumber

  3. Castor

  4. Maize
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Autogamy is the kind of self pollination in which pollens are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower. Geitonogamy is the kind of self pollination in which pollens are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same plant.
Papaya is a dioecious plant i.e. it has male and female flowers on separate plants. Hence, neither Autogamy nor Geitonogamy can occur. So, the correct answer is A.
Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of self-pollinated flowers ?

  1. Flowers are large and showy

  2. Flowers remain closed and do not open

  3. Stigma and anthers mature at the same time

  4. Pollen is produced in very large quantities
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Self-pollinated flowers remain closed and don't open allowing maximum time for the mature stamens and pistils to exchange and receive the gametes. 

So, the correct option is 'Flowers remain closed and do not open'.

Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Which of the following features are mostly observed in self pollinating flowers?

  1. Inconspicuous flowers

  2. Presence of nectaries

  3. No fragrance

  4. Short style

  5. Versatile anthers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The inconspicuous flower is a flower that is small, not showy and difficult to see. They are observed in self-pollinating flowers.

So, the correct option is 'Inconspicuous flowers'.

Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Which of the following statement is NOT correct?

  1. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are regulated by chemical components of pollen interacting with those of the pistil.

  2. Some reptiles have have also been reported as pollinators in some plant species.

  3. Pollen grains of many species can germinate on the stigma of a flower, but only one pollen tube of the same species grows into the style.

  4. Insects that consume pollen or nectar without bringing about pollination are called pollen/nectar robbers.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pollen grains of other species are not compactable and do not germinate on the stigma of the flower of different species.

So, the correct option is 'Pollen grains of many species can germinate on the stigma of a flower, but one pollen tube of the same species grow into the style'.

Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Select the mismatched pair.

  1. Storage of pollen grains - $196^o$C

  2. Pollen allergy - Carrot grass

  3. Chasmogamous flowers - Exposed anthers and stigmas

  4. Xenogamy - Self pollination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Xenogamy or cross pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a genetically different flower. Cross pollination is performed with the help of an external agency.

Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

How can plants prevent self pollination?

  1. Stamen and pistil mature at different times.

  2. Plants should develop bisexual flowers.

  3. Pistil should have increased receptivity for pollens from same plant.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • There are several methods to prevent self-pollination in plants. Bisexual flowers show self-pollination. 
  • Chances of self-pollination increases when pistil has increased receptivity for pollen from the same plant. Self-pollination occurs in flowers where the stamen and carpel mature at the same time. 
  • Hence, to prevent self-pollination, stamen and pistil must mature at different times. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice geography irrigation and power irrigation in india tanks and fisheries source of water

Where will you expect to find bamboo growing?

  1. At a great height from sea level

  2. At a medium height from sea level

  3. At a very low height from sea level

  4. There is no such condition; it can grow anywhere
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bamboo is a type of grass that thrives in various climates, but it is notably found in mountainous regions at significant altitudes. It is well-adapted to high-altitude environments where other vegetation might struggle.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Mechanical tissue is best developed in

  1. Hydrophytes

  2. Halophytes

  3. Xerophytes

  4. Mesophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Plants living in dry conditions are called as xerophytes. These plants show many morphological and structural adaptations to survive in dry conditions. In stem the mechanical tissue is well developed and also bark is well developed to retain water

The mechanical tissue is least developed in hydrophytes to avoid resistance to water current
So, the correct answer is 'Xerophytes'

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Which one is not a trait of xerophytes?

  1. Thick cuticle

  2. Sunken stomata

  3. Aerenchyma

  4. Well developed mechanical tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrophytes possess special air storage parenchyma tissue, called as aerenchyma. It makes different parts of hydrophytes, light, spongy and flexible. It makes oxygen produced during photosynthesis, available to roots and other non photosynthetic regions. It can also help in exchange of gases with the atmosphere through stomata present in emerged regions of plants. Xerophytes show structural adaptations to discourage water loss through transpiration and increase water absorption. Such adaptations include thick cuticle, sunken stomata, well developed vascular tissue etc.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

_________ plants have flattened leaf-like stems to carry out photosynthesis.

  1. Prickly pear

  2. Potato

  3. A & B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Opuntia (prickly pear), the stem is modified to a flattened green structure to perform the function of leaves. Leaf-like flattened modified stems are called phylloclades. 


So the correct option is "Prickly pear". 

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

The plants in which vascular tissues are absent and well developed aerenchyma is present are

  1. Xerophytes

  2. Halophytes

  3. Hydrophytes

  4. Mesophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrophytes are water loving plants and grow in aquatic environments. In these plants mechanical tissue is absent. Xylem is poorly developed or absent. Hydrophytes possess special air storage parenchyma, called as aerenchyma. It makes plant parts light, spongy and flexible.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

The features of the xerophytic plant leaves are:

(i) Leathery surface
(ii) Large surface area
(iii) Waxy cuticle
(iv) Sunken stomata on upper epidermis

  1. (i), (ii) and (iv)

  2. (i) and (iii)

  3. (i), (iii) and (iv)

  4. (i) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Xerophytes are plants of dry habitats, which are faced with the problem of more water loss through transpiration than is water available from soil, e.g., Acacia, Casuarina etc.
In these plants leaves or leaflets are often small, vertical, thick and leathery. Cuticle is thick and waxy. Stomata are sunken and restricted to lower surface of leaf.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

The root pockets are present instead of root caps in

  1. Utricularia

  2. Eichhornia

  3. Hydrilla

  4. Limnophylla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The root cap protects the growing tip of roots from soil and hard rock surface. 
  • As hydrophytes are generally aquatic plants, no such protection is needed for their roots. 
  • As a result of which root cap is absent in hydrophytes.
  • In given options all are aquatic plants but utricularia, hydrilla and Limnophylla are rooted submerged plants there root are present in soil.
  • Eichhornia is free floating aquatic plant and there root arr floating in water so they don't have the need of root cap they have root pockets.
  • Option B is correct here.