Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

A plant bears fruit, has column of vascular tissue and a tap root system, This plant is a/an.

  1. Angiosperm and dicot

  2. Gymnosperm and dicot

  3. Angiosperm and monocot

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Dicotylodoneae is a group of angiosperms that are characterized by tap root system, vascular tissue present in columns, posses xylem vessels, leaves have reticulate venation, stem with open collateral vascular bundles arranged in a ring and seed are covered by fruits and show secondary growth.

So the correct option is 'Angiosperms and dicot'

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Perisperm differs from endosperm in  

  1. Having no reserve food

  2. Being a diploid tissue

  3. Its formation by fusion of secondary nucleus with several sperms

  4. Being a haploid tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Perisperm differs from endosperm in being a diploid tissue. Endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants around the time of fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. These are typically triploid but can vary widely from diploid. Endosperm that is diploid, resulting from the fusion of a pollen nucleus with one, rather than two, maternal nuclei.They are both nutritive layers in a seed. Perisperm develops from the nucellus of the seed and the endosperm develops when the sperm cell fuses with two haploid polar nuclei (contained in the central cell) in the centre of the embryo sac (or ovule). The resulting cell is triploid (3n). This triploid cell divides through mitosis and forms the endosperm, a nutrient-rich tissue, inside the seed. 

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

The legume fruit develops from

  1. Inferior ovary

  2. Monocarpellary ovary

  3. Bicarpellary ovary

  4. Multicarpellary ovary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Legume or pod fruits are monocarpellary (from monomerous gynoecium), generally multiseeded, hypogynous flower, marginal placentation. Dehiscence is on two sides (ventral and dorsal) from the apex of the fruit. Characteristic for Fabaceae. Monocarpillary means ovary with one carpel. The legume fruits do not develops from inferior ovary, bicarpillary ovary and multicarpillary ovary. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

Arrange the following in the order of their location from periphery to centre in the entire dicotyledonous plant body ______________.

  1. Fusiform cells

  2. Trichoblasts

  3. Collocytes

  4. Tyloses
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Trichoblasts are specialized epidermal cells (root hairs) found at the periphery of the root, while other structures like fusiform cells or tyloses are located deeper within the plant axis.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

The plant part which consists of two generations one within the other, is ____________.

  1. Germinated pollen grain

  2. Embryo

  3. Unfertilized ovule

  4. Seed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A seed contains the embryo (new generation) and the seed coat/endosperm (remnants of the parent plant/previous generation), effectively housing two generations.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

After preparing a transverse section out of a cut piece of a
plant axis, it was seen that it has a C shaped open arch of
end arch collateral vascular bundles with secondary growth.
This indicates that it is a transverse section of _______________.

  1. A dicotyledonous petiole

  2. A dicot stem at the node

  3. A dicot root at the point where a root branch is corning out

  4. A phylloclade
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A C-shaped vascular bundle arrangement is characteristic of the petiole in dicotyledonous plants, which supports the leaf blade.

Multiple choice botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

In cereals, one or few outermost layers of the endosperm become highly specialised morphologically and physiological and constitute the aleurone tissue. Which of the following statements regarding aleurone tissue(or aleurone cells) is incorrect?

  1. Aleurone cells are characterised by the presence of thin walls and vacuolated cytoplasm with single small nucleus

  2. Aleurone grains, rich in proteins are present in these cells

  3. Aleurone grains present in aleurone cells are closely associated with sphaerosomes

  4. During seed germination, the reserve food of endosperm is digested by the activity of certain hydrolytic enzymes secreted by aleurone cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The aleurone cells are characterized by the presence of thick walls and non-vacuolated cytoplasm interconnected by plasmodesmata. The most prominent organelles of these cells are aleurone grains, followed by sphaerosomes. Aleurone grains are surrounded by a single unit membrane which is closely associated with sphaerosomes. Aleurone grains possess two kinds of inclusion, besides the ground substance: (i) Globoids, present within the globoidal cavities, contain phytic and lipids; (ii) Protein-carbohydrate bodies, which are $1-1.5\mu$m in diameter. The ground substance also contains high concentration of protein, but it is less than that in the protein-carbohydrate bodies.

Aleurone tissue has received considerable importance in studies of plant hormone action. During seed germination the reserve food (starch and protein) in the endosperm cells is digested by the activity of certain hydrolytic enzymes (amylases and proteases) which are secreted by the aleurone cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Aleurone cells are characterised by the presence of thin walls and vacuolated cytoplasm with single small nucleus'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

During breeding, the removal of anthers from a flower is called as

  1. Anthesis

  2. Pollination

  3. Emasculation

  4. Vasectomy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Emasculation involves the removal of stamens from bisexual flowers of the female parents in order to avoid self-pollination in these flowers. It is done before the anthers mature. If in a condition the female parent bears bisexual flowers, then elimination of anthers from the flower bud before the anther dehisces by means of a pair of forceps is necessary. This step is called as emasculation.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

In plant breeding / hybridization, removal of stamens in the early stage of bisexual flower is practiced and it is known as

  1. Emasculation

  2. Crossing

  3. Sterilization

  4. Pure-line selection
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Emasculation is the removal of anthers in a bisexual flower to prevent self-pollination. 
  • The female reproductive part is not involved in this process. It is a technique used by plant breeders to obtain the desired variety by crossing a plant with the desired pollen grain obtained by emasculation. 

Thus the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Select the correct pair of a statement.
A. Flowers are said to be unisexual when it contains either stamens or carpels.
B. Flower are said to be bisexual when both stamens or carpels are present.
C. If the transfer of pollen occurs in the same flower, it is referred to as cross-pollination.
D. If the pollen is transferred from one flower to another it is known as self-pollination.

  1. A and B

  2. C and D

  3. A and C

  4. B and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ (an anther or a male cone) of one plant to the female reproductive organ (a stigma or a female cone) of another plant. Insects and the wind are the main agents of cross-pollination. 

Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male reproductive structure (an anther or male cone) to a female reproductive structure (a stigma or female cone) of the same plant or of the same flower. 
Flowers are said to be unisexual when it contain either stamens or carpels.
Flower are said to be bisexual when both stamens or carpels are present.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Which of the following statements is true with reference to cross pollination?

  1. It most often results in higher yield of plants.

  2. It occurs only in unisexual flowers.

  3. It can fail to occur due to distance.

  4. It requires production of large number of pollen grains.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cross pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anthers of one flower to the stigma of another flower by the action of wind, insects, etc. It requires production of large number of pollen grains. Progeny shows enhanced vigor.
Offsprings are more viable and resistant. There is a possibility to get new desirable characters. Yield of crop can be maintained. It helps in evolution.
Undesirable characters of the plant can be eliminated.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Emasculation is achieved by

  1. Removal of stigma

  2. Removal of anthers

  3. Removal of sepal and petals

  4. Removal of gynoecium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Emasculation involves the removal of anthers of a flower in order to prevent self-pollination or the undesirable pollination of neighbouring plants. After emasculation the female reproductive part of the plant should be covered to prevent unwanted fertilisation.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Removal of anthers'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Removal of stamens in an inter-sexual flower before they dehisce is called as____________

  1. Protogyny

  2. Protandry

  3. Inducing male sterility

  4. Emasculation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Emasculation is the removal of anthers in a bisexual flower to prevent self-pollination. 
  • The female reproductive part is not involved in this process. It is a technique used by plant breeders to obtain the desired variety by crossing a plant with the desired pollen grain obtained by emasculation. 

Thus the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Main condition for a plant to perform cross pollination is 

  1. Herkogamy

  2. Dichogamy

  3. Self sterility

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Herkogamy - common strategy employed by hermaphroditic angiosperms to reduce sexual interference between male and female function. Herkogamy differs from other such strategies by supplying a spatial separation of the anthers and stigma.
Dichogamy - having pistils and stamens that mature at different times, thus promoting cross - pollination rather than self - pollination.
Self sterility - sterile to its own pollen or sperm.