Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Ground tissue having differentiated concentric layers is found in

  1. Dicot leaf

  2. Monocot leaf

  3. Dicot stem

  4. Monocot stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Dicot leaf – Mesophyll is the ground tissue. It is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.

B. Monocot leaf – Mesophyll is the ground tissue. It is not differentiated. It shows only spongy parenchyma.

C. Cortex is the ground tissue in dicot stem. It is differentiated into hypodermis, general cortex and endodermis.

D. Monocot stem – the region present inner to the hypodermis is ground tissue. It shows scattered arrangement of vascular bundles.

So, the correct option is ‘Dicot stem’.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

In cucurbita, hypodermis is formed of

  1. Sclerenchyma

  2. Collenchyma

  3. Parenchyma

  4. Aerenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cortical region present below epidermis is called ‘ Hypodermis’. It is made up of collenchyma in dicotyledons and sclerenchyma in monocotyledons.

So, the correct option is ‘Collenchyma’.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

What is correct about monocot stem?

  1. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is absent

  2. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are open, phloem parenchyma is absent

  3. Hypodermis is collenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is present

  4. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is present
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A. The hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is absent – True in. monocot stem.

B. The hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are open, phloem parenchyma is absent – False because vascular bundles are closed in monocot stem.

C. Hypodermis is collenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is present – false, because hypodermis is sclerenchymatous and phloem parenchyma is absent in monocot stem

D. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is present – false, because, phloem parenchyma is absent in monocot stem.

So, the correct option is ‘Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous, vascular bundles are closed, phloem parenchyma is absent’.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Cellular layer covering plant organs is

  1. Epidermis

  2. Hypodermis

  3. Cuticle

  4. Endodermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. The epidermis is the outermost protective layer of cells which cover all the plant organs which act as a barrier against mechanical injury and also prevents water loss and infection.
B. Hypodermis consists of a layer of cells immediately that is present below the epidermis which is strengthened to provide protection and also store water.
C. The cuticle is a protective layer which is impervious to water and covers the epidermal cells of leaves and plant organs to prevent water loss.
D. Endodermis is the innermost layer of cortex which is made of compact living cells and is surrounded by rings that are impregnated with hydrophobic substances to prevent the apoplastic flow of water.
So, the correct answer is 'Epidermis'.
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Periblem produces

  1. Cortex

  2. Pericycle

  3. Vascular strand

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The shoot apical meristem (SAM) of a plant form three distinct meristematic zones called the histogens (histogen theory).
  • These histogens are present at the growing shoot tip or root tip.
These tips consist of three histogens based on the type of cells they form.
  • Each of these histogens gives rise to tissues which are different from one another- dermatogen, periblem, plerome (principle tissues)
1) The dermatogen or the outer layer gives rise to the epidermis.
2) The periblem or middle layer gives rise to the cortex and the endodermis (compact living cells with hydrophobic substances) which is the innermost layer of the cortex.
3)The plerome or the inner layer gives rise to vascular tissues
  • So, the correct answer is 'Cortex'
Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Cortex is the region found between

  1. Endodermis and vascular bundles

  2. Epidermis and stele

  3. Pericycle and endodermis

  4. Endodermis and pith
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In internal structure of root and dicot stem, the region appears between epidermis and stele is cortex. In roots, cortex includes general cortex and endodermis, where as in dicot stems, cortex includes, hypodermis, general cortex and endodermis. In roots, cortex is concerned in the radial conduction of water, where as in dicot stems, it is concerned in the storage of food materials.

So, the correct option is ‘Epidermis and stele’.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Secondary cortex is derived from 

  1. Intercalary meristem

  2. Protoderm

  3. Procambium

  4. Phellogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The secondary cortex which is also known as phelloderm is produced by phellogen or cork cambium. 
  • The cork cambium or the phellogen is a lateral meristem which is responsible for the formation of periderm.
  • The cells of the periderm which grows inward are known as phelloderm while the cells that grow outward is known as phellem or cork.
  • The periderm layer has three distinct layers:-
1) phelloderm – is made up of living parenchyma cells which are present on the inner side of the cork cambium.
2) phellogen or cork cambium- gives rise to periderm
3) phellem or cork is made up of dead cells which have air-filled protective tissues.
So, the correct answer is 'Phellogen'.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems
Which of the following tissue systems constitutes bulk of the plant body?

  1. Epidermal tissue system

  2. Ground tissue system

  3. Vascular tissue system

  4. Both (a) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The ground tissue consists  majorly of parenchymatous tissue that forms the whole plant body other than the epidermis and the vascular bundles. It arises from the periblem meristematic tissue.

So, the correct answer is 'Ground tissue system'

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Vascular bundles are found scattered in ground tissue, in

  1. Maize stem

  2. Sunflower stem

  3. Gram root

  4. Isobilateral leaf
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In a monocotyledenous stem, the vascular bundles are not arranged in a circle but are usually scattered throughout the ground tissue. There is no clearly defined pith as there is in many dicotyledonous species. As in the dicots the xylem of the bundles is pre-orientated toward the middles of the stem. Maize is a monocot. So, the vascular bundles in maize stem are scattered in ground tissue. 

Dicots such as sunflower stem, gram root and isobilateral leaf vascular bundles are arranged circularly. Thus, option A is correct.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Pith and cortex of the stem are parts of

  1. Dermal tissue system

  2. Vascular tissue system

  3. Ground tissue system

  4. Epidermal tissue system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Dermal tissue system – Epidermis 

B. Vascular tissue system – Xylem and phloem 

C. Ground tissue system – General cortex, endodermis, pericycle,medulla,      medullary rays, conjunctive tissue, mesophyll 

D. Epidermal tissue system – Epidermis

So, the correct option is ‘Ground tissue system’.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

Atactostele consists of vascular bundles

  1. Arranged in a ring

  2. Three in number

  3. Scattered in ground tissue

  4. Broken vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Stele in which vascular bundles are arranged in scattered manner in the ground tissue, is called Atactostele. It is found in monocot stem.

So, the correct option is 'Scattered in ground tissue'.

Multiple choice botany plant tissue system ground tissue system ground tissues tissue systems

What is the correct sequence?

  1. Xylem-Cambium-medulla

  2. Cortex-Endodermis-pericycle-xylem

  3. Cambium-xylem-cortex

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In the anatomy or internal structure of dicot stem, epidermis, followed by cortex, followed by endodermis, pericycle, phloem, xylem, medulla are present from outer to inner.

So, the correct option is 'cortex - endodermis - pericycle - xylem'.

Multiple choice zoology plant reproduction different modes of reproduction sexual and asexual reproduction lifespan, reproduction and variation

Which of the following perform reproduction in plants?

  1. Roots

  2. Stem

  3. Flower

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Flowers contain the reproductive structures: stamens (male) and carpels (female). Stamens produce pollen grains, which contain two sperm cells, while carpels contain the egg cells. Seeds develop following pollination and fertilization (fusion of the male and female gametes). So the correct option is "Flower".