Botany and Plant Science

Ground tissue (fundamental tissue) consists of the cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and pith. Phloem is part of the vascular tissue system, not the ground tissue system.

In a monocotyledenous stem, the vascular bundles are not arranged in a circle but are usually scattered throughout the ground tissue. There is no clearly defined pith as there is in many dicotyledonous species. As in the dicots the xylem of the bundles is pre-orientated toward the middles of the stem. Maize is a monocot. So, the vascular bundles in maize stem are scattered in ground tissue. 

A. Dermal tissue system – Epidermis 

B. Vascular tissue system – Xylem and phloem 

C. Ground tissue system – General cortex, endodermis, pericycle,medulla,      medullary rays, conjunctive tissue, mesophyll 

D. Epidermal tissue system – Epidermis

So, the correct option is ‘Ground tissue system’.

Stele in which vascular bundles are arranged in scattered manner in the ground tissue, is called Atactostele. It is found in monocot stem.

In the anatomy or internal structure of dicot stem, epidermis, followed by cortex, followed by endodermis, pericycle, phloem, xylem, medulla are present from outer to inner.

Cork cambium arises from outer most layer of the cortex which is the ground tissue. 

Flowers contain the reproductive structures: stamens (male) and carpels (female). Stamens produce pollen grains, which contain two sperm cells, while carpels contain the egg cells. Seeds develop following pollination and fertilization (fusion of the male and female gametes). So the correct option is "Flower".

An oblique ovary with swollen placenta and an oblique septum is a hallmark diagnostic floral feature of the family Solanaceae, such as in the potato or tomato family.

In many dioecious species, the application of auxins like IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) can induce the development of male flowers on genetically female plants by altering hormonal balance.

In certain plants like Strychnos, anomalous secondary growth occurs where the cambium produces phloem islands within the xylem, a phenomenon known as interxylary phloem.

The inner or central dark coloured non-functional wood or secondary xylem formed during secondary growth in dicot stem is called Heartwood or duramen.

So, the correct option is ‘Inner part of secondary xylem’.

The large sized, slightly raised sports or aerating pores present in the cork tissue or are called Lenticels. These are the patches on the surface of the bark. These are found in old dicotyledonous stems. These are formed in the place of stomata. They have outer raised margins and internally, loosely arranged colourless parenchyma cells are present, called as complementary cells, These are meant for gaseous exchange.

Secondary xylem consists of large-sized vessels and tracheas. Their cell walls are thickened by lignin deposition and it provides excellent mechanical support to the plant. This thicken deposition is the wood of the plant and it is used for making timber.

Secondary growth is characterized by an increase in thickness or girth of the plant, and is caused by cell division in the lateral meristem, which are lacking in herbaceous plants. Lateral meristems include the vascular cambium and, in woody plants, the cork cambium.