Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

The inflorescence found in the coconut plant is

  1. Spadix

  2. Compound spadix

  3. Compound spike

  4. Compound corymb
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  1. The type of inflorescence in which flowers are protected by enveloping bracts known as a spathe. ex:-banana.
  2. The flowers are protected by spathe but the axis is branched. ex: palm and coconut.
  3. The axis is branched and the flowers are born sessile on the branches. ex: wheat.
  4. When the main axis is branched and flowers are arranged in a corymbose manner. ex:-cauliflower
So the correct option is "Compound spadix".

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Axis between corolla and androecium is

  1. Anthophore

  2. Gynophore

  3. Gynandrophore

  4. Androphore
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The axis or the internode that elongates between the corolla and androecium is called androphore. It is also called as gynandrophore. Anthophore is present between calyx and corolla. Gynophore is present between androecium and gynoecium.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Androphore'

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Cup-like structure developed from adnation of sepals, petals and stamens is

  1. Cyathium

  2. Hypanthodium

  3. Hypanthium

  4. Capitulum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hypanthium is the cup-like structure that develops from the fusion of sepals petals and stamens to the thalamus outgrowth and it is seen in the family Rosaceae. 

A. Cyathium is the inflorescence seen in Euphorbia in which a cup-shaped involucre surrounds pistillate flowers. 
B. Hypanthodium is the flask-shaped inflorescence, the male flowers are near the periphery while the female flowers are near the centre. Example, Ficus.
C. Hypanthium is the cup-like structure that develops from the fusion of sepals petals and stamens to the thalamus outgrowth and it is seen in the family Rosaceae
D. The capitulum is the head like inflorescence having an aggregation of the sessile flowers. Example, Asteraceae.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Hypanthium'

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Consider the following statements.
(a) In racemose inflorescence the flowers are borne in a basipetal order.
(b) Epigynous flowers are seen in rose plants.

(c) In Brinjal, the ovary is superior.
Of these statements

  1. A and b are true but c is false

  2. A and c are true but b is false

  3. A and b are false but c is true

  4. B and c are true but a is false

  5. A and c are false but b is true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

(a) In the racemose type of inflorescence, the youngest flower is borne near the apex and the oldest is borne at the base of the inflorescence. This is called the acropetal order. Basipetal order is seen in the cymose inflorescence.

(b) Rose belongs to the family wherein, the ovary is superior and present in a hypanthium, so the flowers in rose plants are hypogynous.
(c) Brinjal belongs to the family Solanaceae. It has hypogynous flowers as the ovary is superior.
Hence, the correct answer is 'A and B are false but C is true'.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

In moss capsule, the number of peristome whorls are

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In mosses, the peristome is a specialized structure in the sporangium that allows for gradual spore discharge, instead of releasing them all at once.
Peristome is a ring of triangular teeth formed from the remnants of dead cells with thickened cell walls. There are usually 16 such teeth in a single peristome, separate from each other and able to both fold in to cover the stoma as well as fold back to open the stoma. There are two rings of peristome teeth - an inner endostome and an exostome. These are also referred as perostome whorls.
Therefore the correct option is B. 

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of plant is called?

  1. Inflorescence

  2. Phyllotaxy

  3. Placentation

  4. Corymb
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. An inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of the plant. Two major types of the inflorescence are - 1. Racemose - the shoot axis continues to grow indefinitely and the flowers are borne in acropetal succession. Examples are radish, Lupin, and mustard. 2. Cymose - the main axis terminates into a flower and has a limited growth and the flowers are borne in a basipetal order. Examples are begonia, teak, and Solanum.
B. Phyllotaxy is the pattern in which the leaves are arranged on the stem or its branches. The leaves are arranged in three ways - 1. Alternate - single leaf is present at each node in the alternate fashion. Examples are China rose, mustard, and sunflower. 2. Opposite - a pair of leaves arise at each node on the opposite side, the leaves lie opposite to each other at each node. Examples are guava and calotropis. 3. Whorled - more than two leaves arise at each node and form a whorl or a circle, the leaves of one whorl alternate the leaves of the next successive whorl so that all the leaves receive maximum sunlight. Examples are Alstonia and Nerium.
C. Placentation is the arrangement of ovules on placenta within the ovary. It is of six types- marginal, axile, parietal, free central and basal.
D. A corymb is lower flowers have long pedicels than upper ones so that all the flowers are brought more or less to the same level. The main axis is short. Examples are Iberis and Capsella.

So, the correct answer is 'inflorescence'.
Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

The key feature of vernalization is

  1. High temperature

  2. Low temperature

  3. Low moisture

  4. High humidity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In many plants, the temperature has a profound effect on flowering. Some plants do not flower under the inductive photoperiod conditions but flower when a cold temperature treatment is given to them. This acquisition or acceleration of the ability to flower by a chilling treatment is said to be vernalization. It is the method of inducing early flowering in plants by pretreatments of their seeds at a very low temperature. Thus option B is the correct answer. 

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

The acquisition of the ability to flower by a cold treatment is called as

  1. Photoperiodism

  2. Vernalization

  3. Differentiation

  4. sacrification
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In many plants, the temperature has a profound effect on flowering. Some plants do not flower under the inductive photoperiod conditions but flower when a cold temperature treatment is given to them. This acquisition or acceleration of the ability to flower by a chilling treatment is said to be vernalization. It is the method of inducing early flowering in plants by pretreatments of their seeds at a very low temperature. Thus option B is the correct answer. 

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Flowering dependent on cold treatment is

  1. Cryotherapy

  2. Cryogenics

  3. Cryoscopy

  4. Vernalisation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold or winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing cold treatment to young plants or moistened seeds.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Vernalisation promotes flowering in response to

  1. High light intensity

  2. Low temperature

  3. High temperature

  4. Low light intensity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold of winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928.  He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing low temperature treatment to young plants or moistened seeds. Other terms like jarovization, springification were also coined for the same phenomenon. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Low temperature treatment to speed up the process of flowering is referred to as

  1. Photoperiodism

  2. Vernalisation

  3. Thermoperiodism

  4. Hydroponics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Vernalisation is the process of shortening of the juvenile or vegetative phase and hastening flowering by a previous cold treatment. In vernalization by cold treatment, winter varieties are transferred into spring or summer varieties. The site of vernalization is apical meristem or all the meristematic cells e.g., shoot tip, embryo tips, root apex etc.  The low temperature required for vernalization is usually $0^o-5^oC$. As a result of vernalization, a flowering hormone called vernalin is formed (reported by Melchers), but vernalin has never been isolated.
So the correct option is 'vernalization'.
Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Which one hastens flowering in plants?

  1. Stratification

  2. Scarification

  3. Vernalisation

  4. Water deficit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vernalisation is the process of that hastens to flower in plants by cold treatment. With the help of artificial cold treatment, winter wheat seeds can be induced to flower. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice vernalisation plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Which of the following statements regarding photoperiodism is false?

  1. The response of plants to periods of light/day is termed as photoperiodism

  2. The shoot apices cannot perceive photoperiods

  3. In day neutral plants there is no correlation between exposure to light duration and induction of flowering response

  4. Shoot apices modify themselves into flowering apices prior to flowering

  5. The site of perception of light/dark duration is the flower
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation
Photoperiodism is the response of plants to photoperiods, that is the length of day and night. During photoperiodism, shoot apices modify themselves into flowering apices prior to flowering. However, they do not perceive photoperiods. Rather, the site of perception of light and dark duration are leaves. In day-neutral plants, induction of flowering response does not depend on exposure to light duration. The site of perception of light/dark duration is the leaves.
So, the correct answer is 'The site of perception of light/dark duration is the flower'.