Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence is

  1. Composite (multiple) fruit developed from condensed

    Inflorescence

  2. Aggregate fruit developed from free carpels

  3. Fruit develop from inferior ovary

  4. Fruit develops from thalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Composite fruits : These fruits are developed from the complete inflorescence and are known as incandescence.
These are of 2 types ..
(1) Sorosis                      

(2) Syconus or Syconium 

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

In which of the following, the growing point ends in a flower?

  1. Raceme

  2. Verticillaster

  3. Catkin

  4. Spike
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Raceme in which peduncle have bisexual and pedicellate flowers arranged acropetally. It is a type of racemose inflorescence. Example: radish.
B. Verticillaster is a cluster of sessile or subsessile flowers borne on a dichasial cyme ending in monochasial cyme in the form of condensed whorl on either side of the node. It is a type of cymose inflorescence which has limited growth. Example: tulsi.
C. Catkin is a pendulous spike in leaf axis which bears unisexual flowers. It is a type of racemose inflorescence. Example: oak.
D. Spike in which peduncle have bisexual and sessile flowers with an acropetal arrangement. It is a type of racemose inflorescence. Example: Achyranthes.

So, the correct answer is 'Verticillaster'. 
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

A branching system of the plant-bearing flowers is?

  1. Deliquescence

  2. Inflorescence

  3. Placentation

  4. Cauliflory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Deliquescence is the process by which a substance absorbs moisture from the atmosphere until it dissolves in the absorbed water and forms a solution. It occurs when the vapor pressure of the solution that is formed is less than the partial pressure of water vapor in the air.
B. An inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of the plant. Two major types are - 1. Racemose - the shoot axis continue to grow indefinitely and the flowers are borne in an acropetal succession that is, younger flowers are present towards the apex and the older flowers are present at the base. The example is a radish. 2. Cymose - the main axis terminated into a flower and has limited growth. The flowers are borne in a basipetal order. The example is teak.
C. Placentation is the arrangement of ovules on placenta within the ovary. Ovary bears ovules on a cushion-like structure called placenta. It is of five types - marginal, axile, parietal, free central and basal.
D. Cauliflory is a botanical term referring to plants that flower and fruit from their main stems or woody trunks rather than from new growth and shoots. This can allow trees to be pollinated or have their seeds dispersed by animals which cannot climb or fly.

So, the correct answer is 'Inflorescence'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

The arrangement of flowers in Sunflower(Helianthus annuus) is?

  1. Acropetal

  2. Basipetal

  3. Centripetal

  4. Centrifugal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Acropetal is that younger flowers are present towards the apex and the older flowers are present at the base. It is seen in racemose inflorescence. Example: Radish and Mustard.
B. Basipetal is opposite of acropetal. The younger flowers are present at the base and old flowers are present towards the apex. It is seen in cymose inflorescence. Example: teak.
C. Centripetal is the peripheral flowers mature first and then maturation proceeds towards the center. It is seen in racemose inflorescence. Example: sunflower.

So, the correct answer is 'Centripetal'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Axis of the inflorescence is called?

  1. Peduncle

  2. Thalamus

  3. Petiole

  4. Pedicel
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. The peduncle is the main axis of an inflorescence or the axis bearing a flower or fruit.
B. Thalamus is the thickened part of a stem from which the flower organs grow in angiosperms.
C. The petiole is the cylindrical stalk that joins the leaf base with the leaf blade or lamina.
D. The pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence. 

So, the correct answer is 'Peduncle'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Hypanthodium is?

  1. Thalamus

  2. Fruit

  3. Inflorescence

  4. Ovary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thalamus is the swollen, basal part of the pedicel or the stalk.
B. Fruit is the presence of flowering plants or the angiosperms. After fertilization, the ripened ovary or mature ovary is called fruit.
C. The inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of the plant. Hypanthodium is fleshy receptacle forming a hollow cavity with an apical opening called ostiole. The example is ficus.
D. The ovary is the basal swollen part of the carpel and female reproductive organ.

So, the correct answer is 'Inflorescence'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Longest inflorescence is that of.

  1. Lily

  2. Cassia

  3. Callistemon

  4. Agave
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The flowers of Cassia fistula are grouped in the axillary and many-flowered racemes. These inflorescences are large in size and up to 15-40 cm long, pendulous and bright yellow. Long inflorescence of Cassia fistula from Sri Lanka and reaching up to 238 cm. It can be considered as the longest recorded legume inflorescence.

So the correct option is B.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

In Dorstenia, the inflorescence is?

  1. Coenanthium

  2. Anthodium

  3. Spike of spikes

  4. Spikelet
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Coenanthium in which the receptacle, instead of forming a closed structure, becomes saucer-shaped with the margins slightly curved up. The example is dorstentia belonging to the family Moraceae. 
B. Anthodium or capitulum or head bears many sessile and small florets. The main axis becomes flat and called receptacle. It is a type of racemose inflorescence. Example: sunflower.
C. Spike in which peduncle has bisexual and sessile flowers. It is a type of the racemose inflorescence. 
D. Spikelet is small and special spike. Flowers are produced in the axil of fertile bracts called lemma. It is type of racemose inflorescence. 

So, the correct answer is 'Coenanthium'.
Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence with single central achlamydeous female flower surrounded by number of achlamydeous male flowers is

  1. Cyathium

  2. Verticillaster

  3. Spadix

  4. Hypanthodium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A) Cyathium is the special inflorescence in which the single female flower is present in the center and is surrounded by a number of male flowers inside a cup-shaped involucre.

ex-Euphorbia.
B) Verticillaster is a special inflorescence in which flowers are arranged in two opposite cymose groups on each node.
ex-Osmium (Tulsi).
C) The spadix is a type of racemose inflorescence in which a spadix is covered by a spathe.
ex-maize and bananas.
D) Hypanthium has a flask-shaped fleshy receptacle a pore or ostiole lined by scales and as short canal bearing hair.
ex-Ficus(peepal)
So the correct option is 'Cyathium'.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Rhipidium inflorescence of Solanum nigrum is

  1. Modified scorpiod cyme

  2. Helicoid cyme

  3. Capitulum

  4. Multiparous cyme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  1. Rhipidium is scorpioid cyme having all flowers in one plane.Ex. Solanum nigrum
  2. In helicoid cyme, the flowers are born on one side. Ex Begonia
  3. Capitulum also called Racemose head in which peduncle is flattened that form receptacle that holds centripetally arranged sessile flowers or floret surrounded by an involucre of bracts. Ex Sunflower Helianthus annuu.
  4. In multiparous cyme, the main branch converts into flower the old flower at the center and younger at the periphery while it produces lateral branch as well. Ex Calatropis.
So the correct option is "Modified scorpioid cyme".

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence having unisexual sessile flowers is

  1. Spike

  2. Spikelet

  3. Catkin

  4. Raceme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A catkin is a slim, cylindrical cluster of flowers with no petals, usually wind-pollinated and sometimes insect pollinated. The female flowers in catkin are sessile and solitary in the axilla of a bractea longer than themselves. In spike, flowers are bisexual, sessile or non- pedicellate. In spikelet, flowers are hermaphrodite. In raceme, flowers are pedicellate an bisexual.

Multiple choice botany inflorescence introduction to inflorescence inflorescence and its type basics of leaf and flower

Inflorescence of sunflower is

  1. Umbel

  2. Cyathium

  3. Hypanthodium

  4. Capitulum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Sunflower is an annual plant of family Asteraceae with a large head (capitulum), which is the characteristic inflorescence of sunflower. Depending upon the variety, the inflorescence may consist of ray flowers, disk flowers or both. The ovary of each flower is situated below the attachment of the corolla and stamens, a condition referred to as epigynous or inferior. This is the largest family of flowering plants
So, the correct answer is 'Capitulum'