Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

Pineapple $\left (ananas  \right )$ fruit develops from-

  1. a unilocular polycarpellary flower

  2. a multipistillate syncarpous flower

  3. a cluster of compactly borne flowers on a common axis

  4. a multilocular monocarpellary flower
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The fruit of Ananas comosus (pineapple or ananas) is sorosis, (a type of multiple fruits), developing from spike, spadix or catkin. In this type, the flowers associate by their succulent tepals, the axis bearing them grows and becomes fleshy or woody, thus, the whole inflorescence turns into a compact fruit.

So, the correct answer is 'a cluster of compactly borne flowers on a common axis'.
Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

Juicy hair-like structures observed in the lemon fruit develop from : -

  1. Exocarp

  2. Mesocarp

  3. Endocarp

  4. Mesocarp and endocarp
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Endocarp in citrus is divided into segments, containing juicy hair like vesicles filled with the juice of the fruit.The epicarp or Flavedo is the outer most covering also called the rind, it contains oil glands. The mesocarp is fused with the epicarp, and is fibrous in nature it also forms the central column of the fruit and is also the called the pith/albedo.   

So, the correct answer is 'Endocarp.'

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The structure that forms most of the flesh of an apple is the

  1. pistil

  2. receptacle

  3. petal

  4. stamen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
An Apple is called a false fruit as it is developed from the thalamus, not from the ovary. Thus apple flesh is not derived from the ovary instead it is derived from the receptacle.
So, the correct answer is receptacle.


Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

In Melandrium album, absence of which segment of Y chromosome leads to development of a female plant?

  1. Suppressor region

  2. Promoter region

  3. Fertility region

  4. Pairing region
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Melandrium album, the Y chromosome contains a suppressor region that prevents the development of female characteristics. Its absence leads to the development of a female plant.

Multiple choice botany classical genetics incomplete dominance deviation from mendelism inheritance

Incomplete dominance is found in

  1. Pisum sativum

  2. Antirrhinum majus

  3. Both Pisum sativum and Antirrhinum majus

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance, in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele. This results in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the dominant and recessive phenotypes.
Incomplete genetic dominance is similar to, but different from co-dominance. In co-dominance, an additional phenotype is produced, however, both alleles are expressed completely.
Co-dominance is exemplified in AB blood type inheritance.
Example: Incomplete dominance is seen in cross-pollination experiments between red and white snapdragon plants. The allele that produces the red color (R) is not completely expressed over the recessive allele that produces the white color (r). The resulting offspring are pink. The genotypes are: (RR) Red, (rr) White, and (Rr) Pink.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Teloma theory(Zimmermann, $1930$) is related to origin of.

  1. Pollen tube

  2. Vascular plants

  3. Seed

  4. Fruit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Telome theory, proposed by Walter Zimmermann, explains the evolution of the sporophyte of vascular plants (tracheophytes) from simpler, branched, leafless structures called telomes.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Merit of Bentham and Hooker's system is

  1. Placement of renales in beginning

  2. Placement of orchidaceae in microspermae

  3. Placement of asteraceae in beginning of gamopetalae

  4. Position of gymnospermae in between dicots and monocots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Renales are the most primitive living angiosperms hence placing them, in the beginning, is the merit of Bentham and Hooker's system.

  • Placement of Orchidaceae in microspermae is demerit as it is an advanced family. 
  • The placement of Gymnospermae in between dicots monocots is a demerit as gymnosperms are primitive compared to both monocots and dicots.
So, the correct option is 'Placement of renals in beginning'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Fusion of two gametes which are dissimilar in size is termed as

  1. Oogamy

  2. Isogamy

  3. Anisogamy

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
In anisogamy the fusing gametes differ in size and behaviour. One of the two gametes is larger and is called macrogamete or female gamete; the other is smaller and is termed microgamete or male gamete. In oogamy, there is a large food laden non-flagellate female gamete called egg or oosphere whereas the male gamete or antherozoid is smaller and motile. Oogamy is the familiar form of sexual reproduction, it is a form of anisogamy (heterogamy).
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Fusion of dissimilar gametes is

  1. Allogamy

  2. Dichogamy

  3. Autogamy

  4. Fertilization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Cross-pollination in a crop plant is known as allogamy. Allogamy is defined as fertilization of ovum of a flower by the pollen of another flower on the different plant. The pollen is transferred from the anther of a male flower to the stigma of a female flower. Allogamy takes place because of the male and female part of a particular flower mature at a different time. 
Dichogamy is a condition when the stamens and pistils of a flower mature at different times to prevent self-fertilization.
Autogamy is the phenomena of fusion of gametes produced from the same individual. It involves the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower. It is avoided when the number of seed is less, or the produced pollen is not able to fuse and germinate with the ovule of the same flower or the produced pollen are not healthy. 
Fusion of dissimilar gametes is fertilization. It takes place during sexual reproduction where the male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote. 
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

The type of syngamy in Trichonympha is

  1. Hologamy

  2. Anisogamy

  3. Isogamy

  4. Conjugation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The process of fusion between the haploid male nucleus and egg nucleus is known as amphimixis. It is also known as syngamy. It leads to the formation of a diploid zygote. The form of sexual reproduction in which the gametes are of the same size and structure as the somatic cells. Trichonympha lives in the intestine termite species and helps them to break the cellulose which they take from the wood. They produce similar haploid gametes known as zooflagellates so it is classified as hologamy.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Select the wrong statement

  1. Isogametes are similar in structure, function and behavior

  2. Anisogametes differ either in structure, function and behavior

  3. In oomycetes female gamete is smaller and motile, while male gamete is larger and non-motile

  4. Chlamydomonas exhibits both isogamy and 1, anisogamy and Fucus shows oogamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • An isogamete is a gamete that is indistinguishable in size and form from the other gametes. The sex i.e, the male and female have also exhibited no difference.  It is found in algae and fungi. 

So, the correct option is 'Isogametes are similar in structure, function, and behavior'.