Botany and Plant Science

Each microspore mother cell (MMC) undergoes one meiosis to produce 4 pollen grains. To get 250 pollen grains, we need 250/4 = 62.5 MMCs. Since we cannot have half a division, we need 63 meiotic divisions (62*4 = 248, plus one more division to get the remaining 2).

In Bentham and Hooker's classification, the series Thalamiflorae is characterized by flowers having a superior ovary with the stamens inserted on the receptacle (thalamus) below the ovary, meaning there is an absence of a nectariferous disc below the ovary.

• Angiosperms are flowering plants. They reproduce by the formation of gametes and flowers act as reproductive organs. 
• Parts of the flower include petals, sepals, one or more carpels (the female reproductive structure) and stamens (the male reproductive structure)
• So, the correct answer is 'Flowers'
  

Jasmine grows from their branches cut and planted by the branch touching the soil developing roots and growing into a separate plant independent of the mother plant.

Some plants develop adventitious buds on their leaves which get detached and develop new plants. Leaves of Bryophyllum develop small plantlets with adventitious roots along their margins. These get detached and give rise to a complete plant. Thus it is a natural method of vegetative propagation in this plant with the help of leaves. Leaves of some other plants such as Kalanchoe, Begonia and Streptocarpus also develop adventitious buds in their leaves. 

Bryophyllum is a plant genus of the Crassulaceae. These plantlets arise from mitosis of meristematic-type tissue in notches in the leaves. Bryophyllum are naturalised in many parts of the tropics, and deliberately cultivated for their attractiveness or for their interesting reproduction. Reproduction in Bryophyllum occurs asexually through vegetative propagation by leaves. The leaf of Bryophyllum is broad and has notches at its margins. Buds arise from the notches. These buds are called epiphyllous buds. These buds can give rise to new plants with adventitious roots, shoots and small leaves. The new plants then detach from the leaves and develop into a mature plant after coming in contact with the soil. 

Radical leaves are those that arise from a reduced stem, often appearing to emerge directly from the root or ground level. Cauline leaves arise from the aerial stem, while ramal leaves arise from branches.

Rhizoplast is a fibril which is a connecting link between blepharoplast, with the nucleus in flagellated cells or organisms. It is a striated contractile structure attached to the basal region of the cilium in a variety of ciliates and flagellates. Many regulate the flagellar beat pattern, and is sensitive to calcium concentration. They are composed of a 20 kD protein, rather similar to spasmin. The ciliary rootlet or rhizoplast, is a cytoskeleton-like structure that originates from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium. It extends proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross stria distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm. 

So, the correct answer is option C.

• Phloem is also called as bast. 
• These tissues in plants conduct foods made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. 
• Phloem is composed of various specialized cells called sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma cells.
• Hence, Phloem is a food synthesizing tissue.

Xylem conducts water and minerals to different parts of the body which can be used for photosynthetic reaction and for several metabolic processes.
Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars, proteins and other organic molecules in plants. It is a vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactures in the shoot.

Phloem is responsible for transport of food and minerals. Food synthesized in photosynthetic parts is translocated to non-photosynthetic parts through phloem. Food is transported in multi-directional fashion.

Phloem is a vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the leaves of the plants by the process of photosynthesis.

a) Passage cells often occur in the endodermis.

b) Stomata are cells in the epidermis of leaves. It is also called accessory or subsidiary cells.

c) Sieve tubes are related to companion cells and both are portions of plant phloem.

d) Lenticels are spongy openings in the periderm. It helps in gaseous exchange.

e) Mesophyll of a leaf comprises palisade cells that work in the absorption of light for photosynthesis.

Thus the answer is matching "A−4, B−5, C−1, D−2, E−3".

The correct option is C.

The sieve tubes are the conducting vessels in the phloem tissue. These are the long tube like cells which have perforated transverse plates. These are the cells which are responsible for the conduction of food. The sucrose is the main sugar which is the form of carbohydrate stored in the plants. The sugar is transported through the phloem vessels from the source end (leaves) to sink end (roots).