Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Strength of the gymnosperm plant body is mainly due to

  1. Vessels and fibres

  2. Vessels and tracheids

  3. Trachoids and wood parenchyma

  4. Tracheids and wood fibres
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperm structural strength comes from tracheids (long tapered water-conducting cells) and wood fibers (thick-walled supportive cells). Vessels are mostly absent in gymnosperms (except Gnetum). Wood parenchyma stores nutrients but provides minimal structural support compared to fibers and tracheids.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Ephedra and Gnetum are exceptions to gymnosperms as they show ____________.

  1. Double fertilization

  2. Siphonogamy

  3. Aggregation of sporophylls

  4. Presence of ovules.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ephedra and Gnetum exhibit double fertilization, a process typically associated with angiosperms, making them exceptions among gymnosperms.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

The special leaves which bear seeds in conifers and cycads are called as.

  1. Chlorophyll

  2. Sporophyll

  3. Dicot

  4. Monocot
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A sporophyll is a leaf that bears sporangia. Both microphylls and megaphylls can be sporophylls. In heterosporous plants, sporophylls (whether they are microphylls and megaphylls) bear either megasporangia and thus are called as megasporophylls, or microsporangia and are called as microsporophylls. The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, were one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided. Chlorophyll is the molecule that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesise carbohydrates from CO$ _2$ and water. Monocotyledons, more properly referred to as monocots, are flowering plants whose seeds typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Pick out wrong statement :

  1. Double fertilization is unique to gymnosperms and monocotyledons

  2. Sequoia, a gymnosperm, is one of the tallest tree.

  3. Phaeophyceae members possess chlorophyll a, c, carotenoids and xanthophylls

  4. Moss is a gametophyte which consists of two stages namely, protonema stage and leafy stage

  5. Evolutionarily, pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to possess xylem and phloem.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Sequoia, a gymnosperm, is one of the tallest trees. 
Phaeophyceae members possess chlorophyll a, c carotenoids and xanthophylls.
Moss is a gametophyte which consists of two stages namely, protonema stage and leafy stage.
Double fertilisation is absent in  gymnosperms. It occurs both in monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
So, the correct option is  'Double fertilization is unique to gymnosperms and monocotyledons.'

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Sporangia of conifers are located in/on

  1. Axils of leaves

  2. Axils of branches

  3. Dwarf shoots

  4. Scales of the cones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In conifers, the sporangia (microsporangia and megasporangia) are borne on specialized leaves called sporophylls, which are arranged in cones.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Gnetum, a gymnosperm differs from Cycas and Pinus but shows affinities with angiosperms in the features

  1. Perianth and two integuments

  2. Embryo development and apical meristem

  3. Absence of resin ducts and leaf venation

  4. Presence of vessel elements and absence of archegonia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gnetum resembles angiosperms by having vessel elements in the xylem and lacking archegonia in the female gametophyte.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

A bushy trailing herbaceous gymnosperm is 

  1. Cedrus

  2. Cycas

  3. Pinus

  4. Ephedra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ephedra is a bushy trailing, climbing or creeping herbaceous gymnosperm. It is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs. It is used as medicine for treating asthma, hay fever and cold. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Resin canals abundantly occur in 

  1. Conifers

  2. Cycads

  3. Gnetales

  4. Dicots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The conifers are cone-bearing seed plants. Most are trees, some are shrubs. They are formally the division Pinophyta or Coniferophyta. 

Conifers are gymnosperms. They are cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue. All living conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees. 
Resin canals, sometimes referred to as resin ducts, are unique to conifer. They are technically not individual cells, but are actually open, tube-like spaces bordered by special cells, that have the ability to secrete pitch or resin into the neighboring opening (canal). One of the apparent purposes of these ducts is to protect and seal up a wound by exuding resin to cover the damaged area of the tree. 

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Gymnosperms bear separate male and females flowers called as

  1. Cones

  2. Pines

  3. Gametes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In gymnosperms, a leafy green sporophyte generates cones containing male and female gametophytes; female cones are bigger than male cones and are located higher up in the tree.
Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Coleoptile in a grass seedling, is the covering over

  1. Scutellum

  2. Radicle

  3. Plumule

  4. Emerging leaf
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Coleoptile is the pointed protective sheath covering the emerging shoot in monocotyledons such as grasses. Coleoptiles have two vascular bundles, one on either side. Coleoptiles consist of very similar cells that are all specialised to fast stretch growth. They do not divide, but increase in size as they accumulate more water. Coleoptiles also have water vessels along the axis to provide a water supply. 
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

Vivipary occurs in

  1. Mangrove plants

  2. <p>Alpine plants / Orchiods</p>

  3. Tropical plants / Sea Weeds

  4. <p>Desert plants / Vallisneria</p>
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vivipary is the condition whereby the embryo (the young plant within the seed) grows first to break through the seed coat then out of the fruit wall while still attached to the parent plant. This condition is found in Bruguiera, Ceriops, Kandelia and Rhizophora species (Mangrove plants). So, the correct answer is 'Mangrove plant'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination germination seed germination the flower

In maize(Zea mays) fertilization takes place between a female parent having colourless endosperm and the male parent having yellow endosperm. After fertilization, the endosperm of the new seed becomes yellow. This phenomenon is known as ___________.

  1. Dominance

  2. Xenia

  3. Met xenia

  4. Paternal influence
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice botany root - external morphology root systems root system in plants forms of root

In monocots, ............ root system is observed.

  1. Tap root

  2. Fibrous root

  3. Pneumatophores

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The monocotyledonous plants possess the adventitious or the fibrous type of root system. There are many fine thread-like branches which develop from any other part of the plant rather than the radicle. These type of roots do not grow much deeper but spread in the region widely to provide support the plant.