Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

Which of the following is the correct statement in reference to the adaxial surface of a bifacial leaf?

  1. Thick cuticle, dark colour and few stomata.

  2. Thick cuticle, light colour and no stomata.

  3. Thin cuticle, light colour and no stomata.

  4. Thin cuticle, dark colour and several stomata.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The adaxial (upper) surface of a bifacial leaf is typically exposed to more sunlight, so it has a thicker cuticle to prevent water loss, a darker color due to densely packed palisade parenchyma, and fewer stomata compared to the abaxial surface.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

Veins of leaf have phloem arrangement as follows

  1. All around xylem

  2. Lateral to xylem

  3. Towards lower epidermis

  4. Towards upper epidermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In a dorsiventral leaf the phloem is present towards the lower surface of the leaf. Xylem lies towards upper epidermis and is composed of annular and spirally thickened vessels, tracheids, fibres and xylem parenchyma. The vascular bundles are conjoint, closed and collateral. Mid vein bundle is large, while others are small. 

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

Mesophyll is differentiated in spongy and palisade tissue is 

  1. Isobilateral leaf

  2. Dorsiventral leaf

  3. Both of the above

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In dorsi ventral leaf, mesophyll is the ground tissue that occurs between the two epidermal layers. It is exclusively composed of chlorenchyma cells. The mesophyll is characteristically differentiated into two regions namely, an upper palisade parenchyma and a lower spongy parenchyma. Palisade parenchyma is composed of two or three layers of elongated, compactly arranged chlorenchyma cells. Intercellular spaces are absent. The cells contain a very large number of chloroplasts. Spongy parenchyma is composed of a few layers of loosely arranged spherical or oval chlorenchyma cells with prominent intercellular spaces. These cells contain very few chloroplasts. In isobilateral leaf, mesophyll is ground tissue that occurs between the two epidermal layers. It is composed of many layers of loosely arranged, spherical or oval chlorenchyma cells. Intercellular spaces are prominent. Mesophyll is not differentiated in spongy and palisade tissue. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

Mesophyll is differentiated in spongy and palisade tissue is

  1. Isobilateral leaf

  2. Dorsiventral leaf

  3. Both of (A) and (B)

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Dorsiventral leaf - Mesophyll is the ground tissue that occurs between the two epidermal layers. It is exclusively composed of chlorenchyma cells. The mesophyll is characteristically differentiated into two regions namely, an upper palisade parenchyma and a lower spongy parenchyma. Palisade parenchyma is composed of two or three layers of elongated, compactly arranged chlorenchyma cells. Intercellular spaces are absent.

The cells contain a very large number of chloroplasts. Spongy parenchyma is composed of a few layers of loosely arranged spherical or oval chlorenchyma cells with prominent intercellular spaces. These cells contain very few chloroplasts. Isobilateral leaf has undifferentiated mesophyll.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

Mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues in

  1. Extremely xerophytic leaves

  2. Hydrophytic leaves

  3. Monocot leaves

  4. Dicot leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In dorsiventral leaves, mesophyll is the ground tissue that occurs between the two epidermal layers. It is exclusively composed of chlorenchyma cells. The mesophyll is characteristically differentiated into two regions namely, an upper palisade parenchyma and a lower spongy parenchyma. Dorsiventral leaves are present in dicots. In an isobilateral leaves, undifferentiated mesophyll is present. These leaves are present in monocots. Dorsiventral leaves are absent in extremely xerophytic leaves and hydrophytic leaves. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

Dorsiventral leaf is identified by the presence of

  1. Stomata on both the epidermis

  2. Stomata mainly present on the lower epidermis

  3. No stomata on the epidermis

  4. Sunken stomata on the upper epidermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Stoma (plural stomata) is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that is used to control gas exchange. Monocots have isobilateral leaf and dicots have dorsiventral leaf. Dicotyledons usually have more stomata on the lower epidermis than the upper epidermis. Monocotyledons, on the other hand, usually have the same number of stomata on the two epidermis. In plants with floating leaves, stomata may be found only on the upper epidermis and submerged leaves may lack stomata entirely.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

A dorsiventral leaf has

  1. Palisade tissue on both sides

  2. Spongy tissue on both sides

  3. Palisade tissue on upper side and spongy tissue on lower side

  4. Spongy tissue on upper side and palisade tissue on lower side
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the dorsiventral leaf or dicot leaf, mesophyll is differentiated into palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. Palisade parenchyma is present on the upper side and spongy parenchyma is present on the lower side.

So, the correct option is 'palisade tissue on the upper side and spongy tissue on the lower side'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

Mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues in.

  1. Extremely xerophytic leaves

  2. Hydrophytic leaves

  3. Monocot leaves

  4. Dicot leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The region present between the upper and lower epidermises is called mesophyll. In dicot leaves, mesophyll is differentiated into upper palisade parenchyma and lower spongy parenchyma. It is found in dicot leaves.

So, the correct answer is ‘Dicot leaves’

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

In dorsiventral leaf, more number of stomata

  1. Occur on both the layers of epidermis

  2. Occur on lower epidermis

  3. Occur in pits on the upper epidermis

  4. Do not occur on the epidermis

  5. Bryophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In dorsiventral leaf, more number of stomata occur on lower epidermis and less number of stomata present on upper epidermis.

So, the correct option is ‘occur on lower epidermis'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

In a dorsiventral leaf, the location of xylem and phloem is

  1. Abaxial and adaxial respectively

  2. Adaxial and abaxial respectively

  3. Both are abaxial

  4. Both are adaxial
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

in dorsiventral or dicot leaf, midirib or main vein represents the vascular bundles. In this, xylem is present towards upper epidermis and phloem present towards the lower epidermis. These are collateral, conjoint, closed the position of protoxylem and metaxylem is not specified clearly.

So, the correct answer is 'Adaxial and abaxial respectively'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot leaf internal structure of dicot leaf internal structure of leaf (dicot and monocot)

Tetrarch bundles occur in

  1. Leaf of Cicer arietinum

  2. Leaf of Pisum sativum

  3. Root of Cicer arietinum

  4. Root of Zea mays
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Stele with four vascular bundles is called tetrarch stele. it is generally found in dicotyledons. In the vascular bundles xylem and phloem are on different raidii. So the vascular bundles are called radial vascular bundles. In the xylem protoxylem is faced towards the pericycle and metaxylem is faced towards the medulla.  eg:Cicer arietinum  roots. 

So, the correct option is 'Roots of Cicer arietinum.

Multiple choice civics agriculture in india - i : introduction agricultural reforms indian agriculture problem and policies plantation of crops

Branch of horticulture that deals with growing, marketing flowers and ornamental plants as well as flower arrangement is called ______________.

  1. Sericulture

  2. Pisciculture

  3. Floriculture

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Branch of horticulture that deals with growing, marketing flowers and ornamental plants as well as flower arrangement is called floriculture. It is also called as flower farming. Development of new varieties of flowers is the main occupation of floriculturists. 

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

Which features are characteristic of insect-pollinated flowers?

  1. Bright petals, large feathery stigmas

  2. Bright petals, rough sticky pollen

  3. Large feathery stigmas, nectaries

  4. Small light pollen, nectarines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Insect-pollinated flowers are large, have brightly coloured petals, often sweetly scented, usually contain nectar- to attract insects. Its pollen are often sticky or spiky - to stick to legs and body of  insects

So, the correct is 'bright petals, rough sticky pollen'

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Gymnosperm with mycorrhiza is present in

  1. Cycas

  2. Casuarina

  3. Pinus

  4. Cedrus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Roots in some genera of gymnosperms have fungal associations in form of mycorrhiza which is associated with N$ _2$ fixing cyanobacteria. For example, pinus.

So, the correct answer is 'Pinus'.