Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Identify the incorrect statement.

  1. In over $60$ percent of angiosperms, pollen grains all shed at $2$-celled stage
  2. In less than $40$ percent species of angiosperms pollination occurs at $3$-celled stage of pollen grains

  3. Intine of pollen grain is made up of cellulose and pectin

  4. Pollen grains of a few species cause severe allergies and bronchial
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Sunflower is a 

  1. Dicot

  2. Monocot

  3. Pteridophyte

  4. Nonflowering plant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sunflower is a dicot plant meaning that it produces two cotyledons. Dicots produce two leaves when they first germinate. The leaves of a dicot vary in shape and size, with the veins extending out from the center. Roots of a dicot are tough and branched. A sunflower seed is a dicot that contains the characteristic double cotyledon. The cotyledon, also known as a seed leaf, holds food reserves for the developing seed. Sunflower is a flowering plant and not a monocot or pteridophyte.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

In angiosperms, a mature male gametophyte is formed from a pollen mother cell through.

  1. Two meiotic divisions

  2. Three mitotic divisions

  3. One meiotic and two mitotic division

  4. A single meiotic division
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Meiosis produces pollen grain. Its cell divides mitotically to form generative nucleus and tube cell. The generative nucleus undergoes another mitosis to form two male gametes.

So, the correct answer is 'One meiotic and two mitotic division'

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

In angiosperms, formation of two male gametes from a pollen grain involves - divisions.

  1. One mitotic and one mitotic

  2. Two meiotic and two mitotic

  3. Only two mitotic

  4. Only two meiotic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The microspore nucleus undergoes one mitotic division to form the vegetative and generative cells. The generative cell then undergoes a second mitotic division to produce two male gametes. Thus, two mitotic divisions occur.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

A natural sequence of developmental stages in the life cycle of an angiosperm is?

  1. Cleavage $\rightarrow$ Fertilization $\rightarrow$ Differentiation $\rightarrow$ Fruit formation
  2. Pollination $\rightarrow$ Fertilization $\rightarrow$ Seed formation $\rightarrow$ Germination
  3. Germination $\rightarrow$ Double fertilization $\rightarrow$ Endosperm formation $\rightarrow$ Seed dispersal
  4. Maturation $\rightarrow$ Mitosis $\rightarrow$ Differentiation $\rightarrow$ Fertilization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The standard sequence in the angiosperm life cycle is pollination, followed by fertilization, which leads to seed formation, and finally germination of the seed.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

In angiosperms, which one of the following processes does NOT involve an unequal division?

  1. Formation of microspores

  2. Formation of generative cell

  3. Zygotic embryogenesis

  4. Helobial endosperm development
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Microsporogenesis involves the formation of microspores from a microspore mother cell via meiosis, which results in four equal-sized haploid microspores. The other options involve unequal divisions (e.g., generative cell formation, zygote division).

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

In angiosperms during development of embryo, the suspensor cell develops from.

  1. Oospore

  2. Integument

  3. Endosperm

  4. Cotyledon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the development of the proembryo, the zygote (oospore) divides to form a terminal cell and a basal cell. The basal cell gives rise to the suspensor, while the terminal cell gives rise to the embryo proper.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

In angiosperms, microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis.

  1. Occur in anthers

  2. Form gametes without further divisions

  3. Involve meiosis

  4. Occur in ovule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Both microsporogenesis (in anthers) and megasporogenesis (in ovules) involve meiotic divisions to reduce the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms
Which of the following pairs in angiosperms are diploid and triploid respectively?

  1. Microspore mother cell and egg cell

  2. Secondary nucleus and endosperm

  3. Polar nucleus and secondary nucleus

  4. Endosperm and antipodal cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The secondary nucleus (formed by fusion of two polar nuclei) is diploid (2n), and the endosperm (formed by fusion of a male gamete and secondary nucleus) is triploid (3n).

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Consider the following floral characteristics.
a. Spirally arranged floral parts on the torus
b. Inferior ovary
c. Actinomorphic corolla
d. Stamens many
According to Hutchinson's concept, primitive angiosperm us flowers are characterized by.

  1. $1, 2$ and $3$
  2. $4$ only
  3. $1$ and $2$
  4. $1, 3$ and $4$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Starting with microspore mother cells, what is the least number of meiotic and mitotic divisions needed for the formation of $500$ male gametes in an angiosperm?

  1. $65$ and $500$
  2. $63$ and $252$
  3. $63$ and $500$
  4. $63$ and $504$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In angiosperms, one microspore mother cell undergo meiosis, form into four microspores or pollen grains. Each pollen grain by undergoing two mitotic divisions produces two male gametes. 63 microspore mother cells undergo 63 meiotic divisions and form into 252 microspores or pollen grains. These microspores undergo 500 mitotic divisions and form into 500 male gametes.

So, the correct option is ’63 and 500’. 

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

A seed is

  1. A female gametophyte

  2. A mature pollen tube

  3. A mature ovule

  4. A mature ovary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

When the male nucleus fertilizes the egg cell, the entire ovule is converted into a structure which is known as a seed. The endosperm which is formed after double fertilization or triple fusion nourishes this growing seed.

So, the correct option is 'a mature ovule'