Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

A large sheild-shaped catyledon found in some moncotyledonous seeds is

  1. Aleurone layer

  2. Coleorhiza

  3. Scutellum

  4. Hilum

  5. Coleoptile
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Aleurone layer- In monocotyledonous endospermic seed, endosperm is surrounded by a special one- cell thick layer, called aleurone layer. The cells of aleurone layer are filled with proteinaceous aleurone grains which play an important role at the time of germination.

B. Coleorhiza- Protective sheath of radicle.

C. Scutellum- In monocotyledonous endospermic seed, the embryo consists of an upper shield shaped scutellum wich is actually a reduced cotyledon. The scutellum is closely pressed against the endosperm and helps in the translocation of nutrients from endosperm to the growing embryo at the time of germination and seedling growth.

D. Hilum- It is the point of attachment of the body of the ovule with the funiculus.

E. Coleoptile- Protective sheath of plumule.
So, the correct answer is 'Scutellum'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Match the followings and choose correct option.


   Group A    Group B
 A.  Aleurone layer  (i).  Without fertilisation
 B.  Parthenocarpic fruit  (ii).  Nutrition
 C.  Ovule  (iii).  Double fertilisation
 D.  Endosperm   (iv).  Seed

  1. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  2. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)

  3. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii)

  4. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Aleurone layer - a layer of protein storage cells,  present in cereal, maize seed, and is a  form of reserved food material.

Parthenocarpic fruit - when the ovary is stimulated to form fruit without fertilization then it is a parthenocarpic fruit
Example, seed less grapes, water melon
Ovule: contains embryo sac with egg cell, synergids, polar nuclei and antipodal cells. In angiosperms the pollen tube releases two male gametes, of which one fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote while the other fuses with polar nuclei to form triploid  PEN 
Endosperm- PEN develops into endosperm which provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
So, the correct answer is 'A- (iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D - (ii)'

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

In monocots, sieve tube first appears in

  1. Stem

  2. Leaves

  3. Roots

  4. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In monocots, sieve tube first appears in leaves. The main function of the sieve tube is transport of carbohydrates, primarily sucrose, in the plant (e.g., from the leaves to the fruits and roots). Unlike the water-conducting xylem vessel elements that are dead when mature, sieve elements are living cells. They are unique in lacking a nucleus at maturity.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Long filamentous threads protruding at the end of a young cob of maize are

  1. Anthers

  2. Styles

  3. Ovaries

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Long filamentous threads protruding at the end of a young cob of maize are styles. The apex of the stem ends in the tassel, an inflorescence of male flowers. When the tassel is mature and conditions are suitably warm and dry, anthers on the tassel dehisce and release pollen. Maize pollen is anemophilous and because of its large settling velocity, most pollen falls within a few meters of the tassel. Elongated stigmas, called as silks, emerge from the whorl of husk leaves at the end of the ear. They are often pale yellow and  like tufts of hair in appearance.
At the end of each is a carpel, which may develop into a kernel if fertilized by a pollen grain. The pericarp of the fruit is fused with the seed coat referred to as caryopsis, typical of the grasses and the entire kernel is often referred to as the seed. The cob is close to a multiple fruit in structure, except that the individual fruits never fuse into a single mass. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

The exceptional example of a monocotyledonous plant having a central red midrib is

  1. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)

  2. Banana (Musa sp.)

  3. Indian shot (Canna indices)

  4. Bird of paradise flower (Strelitzia reginae)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The 'bird of paradise flower', or 'crane flower' as it is sometimes known, was first introduced into Britain in 1773 by Sir Joseph Banks. The plant itself can reach up to 5 feet in height with a 2-3 foot spread. The plant is trunk less, compact and clustering but slow growing with fleshy roots. S. reginae has banana shaped stiff- leathery, concave, oblong, bluish-gray leaves with a pale or red midrib. The leaves are attached to a long stalk that sometimes reaches up to 2 feet in length.

Multiple choice botany the leaf mechanism of absorption mineral absorption significance of transpiration

Which of the following is not the modification of leaf?

  1. Tendril in Antigonon

  2. Tendril in Clematis

  3. Tendril in Gloriosa

  4. Tendril in Nepenthes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Antigonon, the tendril is a modification of the inflorescence axis, not the leaf. In Clematis, Gloriosa, and Nepenthes, the tendrils or traps are modifications of leaves or leaflets.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

The fruit developed from single ovary is

  1. Composite

  2. Simple fruit

  3. Aggregate fruit

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A simple fruit is one which develops from a single ovary of a single flower.

Composite fruit develops from an inflorescence.
Aggregate fruits develop from multicarpellary apocarpous ovary.
So, the correct answer is 'Simple fruit'.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

Fruits of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) and some other members of Dipterocarpaceae are also winged but the wings are not formed from the pericarp, rather wings are the persistent sepals of the calyx whorl, such a fruit is called as

  1. Lomentum

  2. Samaroid

  3. Capsule

  4. Samara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fruits of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) and some other members of Dipterocarpaceae are also winged but the wings are not formed from the pericarp, rather wings are the persistent sepals of the calyx whorl, such a fruit is called as samaroids. 
The family bear erect creamy coloured inflorescenses and colourful samaroid fruit typical of their genus and have pairs of thorns below the rachis.
They are pollinated by different species of honey bee. In late summer, they bear colourful samaroid fruit, containing one seed each. The young shoots are useful as cattle.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

A small, dry, one-seeded fruit with its pericarp fused with the seed-coat, developing from a monocarpellary gynoecium is called ____________.

  1. Cypsela

  2. Siliqua

  3. Caryopsis

  4. Samara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A small dry one-seeded fruit with pericarp fused with seed coat which develops from monocarpellary gynoecium i.e from a superior monocarpellary ovary is called caryopsis. 

Examples- Maize, wheat. 

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

An aggregate fruit is the one which develops from

  1. Multicarpellary apocarpous gynoecium

  2. Complete inflorescence

  3. Multicarpellary superior ovary

  4. Multicarpellary syncarpous gynoecium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The aggregate fruits are formed from polycarpellary, apocarpous ovary and each ripened is called fruitlet or etaerio. The example is raspberry.

So the correct option is 'Multicarpellary apocarpous gynoecium'.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

An aggregate fruit develops from an inflorescence.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A fruit is a seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering. An aggregate fruit results from the joining together of several ovaries of the same flower. This process starts with a flower that contains several carpels with an equal number of ovaries. As the ovaries develop and increase in size they become attached together. Aggregate fruits are also either true, without accessory parts, or accessory, with additional floral parts. 

So the given statement is false.