Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

Concept envisaging three zones of cells in root and stem apices is

  1. Histogen theory

  2. Tunica corpus theory

  3. Meristem theory

  4. Dermatogen theory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The shoot apical meristem (SAM) consists of three distinct meristematic zones called the Histogens.
  • This is called histogen theory of tissues which was proposed by Hanstein in 1870 explains the activity of both the root and shoot apical meristem.
  • These histogens are present at the growing tips of a stem or a root.
  • These tips consist of three histogens and each of these histogens gives rise to tissues which are different from one another
1) Dermatogen is the primary meristem that forms the outer most layer of a plant or a plant part and forms the epidermis.
2) Periblem is a primary meristem which is located between the plerome and the dermatogen and it forms the cortex.
3) Plerome is the primary meristem that forms the central core of a plant or plant part which gives rise to the stele (includes the vascular tissue, pith and pericycle).
  • The part of plerome from which vascular tissues are formed is called procambium.
So, the correct answer is 'Histogen theory'
Multiple choice biology anatomy of flowering plants theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

In the root apex, that meristem from which the root cap developsindependently of all other initials of the apical meristem is known as _______________.

  1. Calyptrogen

  2. Casparian strip

  3. Columella

  4. Corpus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Calyptrogen is the specific layer of meristematic cells in the root apex that gives rise to the root cap.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

According to the concept of waiting meristem, the active region of shoot apex is?

  1. Anneau initial

  2. Meristeme medullaire

  3. Promeristeme sporogene

  4. Promeristeme receptaculaire
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

According to the waiting meristem concept, the 'anneau initial' (initial ring) is the peripheral zone of the shoot apex that remains active and contributes to leaf and stem formation.

Multiple choice biology anatomy of flowering plants theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
When a leaf trace extends from a vascular bundle in a dicot stem, what would be the arrangement of vascular tissues in the veins of the leaf

  1. Xylem would be on top and the phloem on the bottom

  2. Phloem would be on top and the xylem on the bottom

  3. Xylem would encircle the phloem

  4. Phloem would encircle the xylem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vascular bundles are scattered in the spongy parenchyma. These can be seen in the veins and the midrib of the leaves. The dicot leaves possess reticulate venation in which veins form a network. The xylem forms the top layer and phloem is present at the bottom in the arrangement of the vascular tissues. The veins vary in thickness in the reticulate venation.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Xylem would be on top and the phloem on the bottom'.

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Casparian Strips are found on the

  1. Walls of pericycle cells

  2. Walls of endodermal cells

  3. Walls of epidermal cells

  4. Walls of bundle sheath cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex. It is made up of barrel-shaped cells which do not enclose intercellular spaces. The young endodermal cells possess a ligno suberised  thickenings called casparian strip s or casparina bands which runs along their radial and tangential walls.
So the correct option is 'Walls of endodermal cells'.
Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

The secretory cells of the plants are

  1. <font color="#000000">Nectary cells</font>

  2. Hydathode

  3. Laticifer cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Nectaries secrete sweet liquid to attract and feed pollinators.
A hydathode is a type of secretory tissue in leaves, usually found in Angiosperms and peridophytes, that secretes water through pores in the epidermis or margin of leaves, typically at the tip of a marginal tooth or serration.
A laticifer is a type of elongated secretory cell found in the leaves and/or stems of plants that produce latex and rubber as secondary metabolites.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Which of the following is a property of plants but not animals?

  1. Shape is irregular

  2. Plastids are usually absent

  3. Enclosed by a rigid cell wall

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The main difference between an animal cell and a plant cell is that plant cells have a cell wall, which the animal cells lack. The cell wall which is made up of cellulose gives the plant cell rigidity resulting in a fixed, rectangular shape. Animal cells lack the rigidity hence, they tend to have a round and irregular shape. Animal cells tend to vary greatly in appearance. The cell wall allows high pressure to build inside of the plant cell without bursting. Due to this, the plant cell is able to accept large amounts of liquid through osmosis without bursting. Animal cells, which only have a thin membrane restricting access to the cell, tend to burst if they absorb too much extra water.

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

The plant cells wall in a cross-section appears to be made up of many layers due to the.

  1. Presence of large amount of cellulose in the wall

  2. Presence of lignin which prevents the folding cellulose micro fibrils

  3. Presence of different composition and structure of the lamellae which are added continuously as the wall grows

  4. Orientation of micro fibrils in the different lamellose of the wall that result in differences in the refraction of light so that layers of the wall are emphasized
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

What is the innermost portion of a mature plant cell wall called as?

  1. Primary cell wall

  2. Secondary cell wall

  3. Lamella

  4. Tonoplast
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Cell wall consists of three layers: the primary cell wall, secondary cell wall and the middle lamella.
The middle lamella- It is the first layer formed during cell division. This layer is rich in pectin. It is the outermost layer, joins together adjacent plant cells and holds them together.
The primary cell wall- It is formed after the middle lamella. It is composed of pectin compounds, hemicellulose and glycoproteins. The layer consists of a framework of cellulose microfibrils, in a gel-like matrix. It is a thin, flexible and extensible layer.
The secondary cell wall- It is a thick layer formed inside the primary cell wall. It is extremely rigid and provides strength. It is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Cell wall thickning and protoplasmic modification during growth of plants occur in ________________.

  1. Maturation phase

  2. Meristematic phase

  3. Elongation phase

  4. Secretory phase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the maturation phase, the enlarged cells eventually acquire a specific size and form according to their location and role following biochemical, physiological and morphological changes, i.e., the cells undergo specialization or transformation. As a result, various kinds of cells get differentiated. These differentiated cells form different kinds of simple and complex tissues that perform different functions. This includes cell wall growth and protoplasm modification.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Maturation phase'

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination in plants ethylene plant hormones plants and animal hormones

Pineapple can be made to flower in off season by ............

  1. Ethylene / NAA

  2. Zeatin

  3. Short day

  4. Temperature
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ethylene gas acts to retard flowering in most of the plants. Whereas, in the case of pineapple, it increases the flowering in off season. Ethylene gas is also found useful in ripening fruits, when sprayed on to it.

Multiple choice evs life within the seed developmental journey of seed introduction to plant organs and germination seed to plants

Which of the following members of spermatophyte is able to produce seed but not cones?

  1. Eucalyptus and Wolfia

  2. Pinus & Cycas

  3. Pteris & Dryopteris

  4. Eucalyptus & Pinus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Spermatophytes are seed-bearing plants. Eucalyptus is an angiosperm (flowering plant) and Wolffia is an angiosperm; both produce seeds but do not produce cones, as cones are characteristic of gymnosperms like Pinus and Cycas.

Multiple choice biology life within the seed developmental journey of seed introduction to plant organs and germination seed to plants

Which of the following statements about the hypocotyl hook is not true?

  1. It develops below the attachment of the cotyledons

  2. It is the first structure to emerge from a dicot seed

  3. It precedes the cotyledons and shoot apex up through the soil

  4. It straightens when exposed to light
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

An embryo is a portion of a seed that grows into a plant. An embryo is a basic element that possesses enough potential for further growth and development. The part of a plant embryo or seedling that lies between the radicle and the cotyledons is the hypocotyl. Upon germination, the hypocotyl pushes the cotyledons above the ground to develop. It eventually becomes part of the plant stem. Most seed-bearing plants have hypocotyls.

So the correct option is 'It is the first structure to emerge from a dicot seed'.

Multiple choice biology reproduction sexual reproduction in flowering plants reproduction - the generating system sexual reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning reproductive health problems

Select the correct statement :

  1. Larkspur show environmental heterophylly

  2. Cork cambium giving rise of mature tissues is an example of radifferentiation

  3. Growth includes development and differentiation

  4. Gravity does not affect growth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The growth of organisms includes both differentiation and development. Differentiation is a process by which, less developed cells become more developed and advanced. Development is the process of growth and change of an organism.

Therefore the right option is option C.