Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology anatomy of flowering plants theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

Flower is always solitary when:

  1. Shoot bud transforms into flower

  2. Shoot tip transforms into flower

  3. Lateral shoot transforms into flower

  4. Horizontal shoot transform into flower
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Option (B) Shoot tip transform into flower.

Shoot tip meristem gets to stop to divide as the shoot cells, and flower formation takes place.
Solitary means a single flower.
When the tip of the shoots is gets transformed into a flower only one single flower will be formed.
Because single tip of shoot have ability to carry only single flower.

Multiple choice biology anatomy of flowering plants theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

Bud associated with the underground stem of potatoes is?

  1. Axillary

  2. Apical

  3. Adventitious

  4. Internodal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The buds found on the eyes of a potato tuber are axillary buds located in the axils of scale leaves. These buds are responsible for the vegetative propagation of the potato plant.

Multiple choice biology anatomy of flowering plants theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

The organization of the shoot apex into tunica and corpus is determined largely on the basis of _______________.

  1. Rate of shoot tip growth

  2. Rate of cell division

  3. Planes of cell division

  4. Regions of meristematic activity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Schmidt has postulated tunica- corpus theory on the basis of studies of shoot apices of angiosperm. This theory is concerned with planes of cell division in the apex. In contrast to apical cell theory, the tunica-corpus theory is applicable only to shoot apex and not to root. There are three types of meristematic tissues like apical (at the tips), intercalary (in the middle) and third as lateral (at the sides).

Schmidt distinguished two tissue zones in the shoot apex and termed as tunica and corpus.

The correct answer is B.

Multiple choice biology anatomy of flowering plants theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

Assertion (A): Lateral buds close to the shoot apex remain dormant while those some distance below below the apical meristem develop into shoots.

Reason (R): Apical shoot meristems and young leaves are the centres of lAA synthests.

  1. Both A and Rare individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

  2. Both A and Rare individually true and R is not the correct explanation of A

  3. A is true but R is false

  4. A is false but R is true Assertion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Apical dominance is the phenomenon where the shoot apex inhibits the growth of lateral buds. The apical meristem produces auxins (IAA), which travel down and suppress the development of lateral buds closer to the apex.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

Reproductive shoot apex is

  1. Conical or dome shaped

  2. Broad

  3. Broad and flat

  4. Narrow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Reproductive shoot apex- At the time of flowering, the vegetative shoot apex transforms into reproductive shoot apex.
  • The summit zone of reproductive shoot apex is active as the rate of cell division is greater and it forms stamens and carpels.
  • Whereas, the flank zone is less active in reproductive shoot apex and it forms sepals and petals.
  • The Reproductive shoot apex is Broad and flat.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Broad and flat'.
Multiple choice botany plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

Tunica corpus theory is connected with

  1. Root apex

  2. Root cap

  3. Shoot apex

  4. Secondary growth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The Tunica-corpus theory explains the planes of cell division in the shoot apex.
  • It was proposed by Schmidt in 1924.
  • It was proposed on the basis of the study of shoot apex.
  • This theory is applicable only to shoot apex and not to root. 
  • This theory divides the region (shoot apex) into two tissue zones known as tunica and corpus.
  • The shoot apex is composed of two layers of cells of tunica and corpus  (layer L1, L2 and L3 to denote the outer layer of tunica, the inner layer of tunica and corpus respectively).
  • The plasmodesmata connections exist between the cells of tunica and corpus.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Shoot apex'
Multiple choice botany plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

Concept envisaging three zones of cells in root and stem apices is

  1. Histogen theory

  2. Tunica corpus theory

  3. Meristem theory

  4. Dermatogen theory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The shoot apical meristem (SAM) consists of three distinct meristematic zones called the Histogens.
  • This is called histogen theory of tissues which was proposed by Hanstein in 1870 explains the activity of both the root and shoot apical meristem.
  • These histogens are present at the growing tips of a stem or a root.
  • These tips consist of three histogens and each of these histogens gives rise to tissues which are different from one another
1) Dermatogen is the primary meristem that forms the outer most layer of a plant or a plant part and forms the epidermis.
2) Periblem is a primary meristem which is located between the plerome and the dermatogen and it forms the cortex.
3) Plerome is the primary meristem that forms the central core of a plant or plant part which gives rise to the stele (includes the vascular tissue, pith and pericycle).
  • The part of plerome from which vascular tissues are formed is called procambium.
So, the correct answer is 'Histogen theory'
Multiple choice biology anatomy of flowering plants theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

In the root apex, that meristem from which the root cap developsindependently of all other initials of the apical meristem is known as _______________.

  1. Calyptrogen

  2. Casparian strip

  3. Columella

  4. Corpus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Calyptrogen is the specific layer of meristematic cells in the root apex that gives rise to the root cap.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy theories of meristematic cell development theories of shoot apical meristem development shoot and root apex

According to the concept of waiting meristem, the active region of shoot apex is?

  1. Anneau initial

  2. Meristeme medullaire

  3. Promeristeme sporogene

  4. Promeristeme receptaculaire
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

According to the waiting meristem concept, the 'anneau initial' (initial ring) is the peripheral zone of the shoot apex that remains active and contributes to leaf and stem formation.

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Casparian Strips are found on the

  1. Walls of pericycle cells

  2. Walls of endodermal cells

  3. Walls of epidermal cells

  4. Walls of bundle sheath cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex. It is made up of barrel-shaped cells which do not enclose intercellular spaces. The young endodermal cells possess a ligno suberised  thickenings called casparian strip s or casparina bands which runs along their radial and tangential walls.
So the correct option is 'Walls of endodermal cells'.
Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

The secretory cells of the plants are

  1. <font color="#000000">Nectary cells</font>

  2. Hydathode

  3. Laticifer cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Nectaries secrete sweet liquid to attract and feed pollinators.
A hydathode is a type of secretory tissue in leaves, usually found in Angiosperms and peridophytes, that secretes water through pores in the epidermis or margin of leaves, typically at the tip of a marginal tooth or serration.
A laticifer is a type of elongated secretory cell found in the leaves and/or stems of plants that produce latex and rubber as secondary metabolites.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.