Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

A perennial plant differs from biennial in

  1. Having underground perennating structure

  2. Having asexual reproductive structures

  3. Being tree species

  4. Not dying after seasonal production of flowers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Perennial plants are plants which can live for more than two years whereas a biennial plant is a flowering plant that takes two years to complete its biological lifecycle. So the difference between perennial plant and biennial is that perennial plants do not die after seasonal flower production.

So, the correct option is D.

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

Plants which flower only once are

  1. Pericarpic

  2. Monocarpic

  3. Polycarpic

  4. Cleistocarpic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Monocarpic plants flower only once in their lifetime and die immediately after the seeds are set. Also known as hapaxanth and semelparous these plants may take a long time to flower and set seeds.Example of this type of plants is Agave americana, which takes many years to flower once at times more than 50 years. 

So, the correct answer is 'Monocarpic'

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

Some plants flower only once in their life, generally after 50 - 100 years. They produce a large number of fruits and die

  1. Strobidanthus kunthiana

  2. Bamboo

  3. Callistemon linearis

  4. Cymbopogon reptocus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bamboo flower only once in their life, generally after 50 - 100 years. They produce a large number of fruits and die. They rely on seed to perpetuate themselves. 

Strobidanthus kunthiana flowers one in twelve years.
Callistemon linearis flowers normally in spring and early summer every year.
Cymbopogon reptocus is a lemon grass which rarely flowers and has no specific pattern of flowering. It is a monocot.
So, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

Which of the following generation is dominant in vascular plants?

  1. Gametophytic generation

  2. Diploid sporophytic generation

  3. Haploid sporophytic generation

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In vascular plants (tracheophytes), the diploid sporophyte is the dominant phase of the life cycle. The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte.

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

__________ are plants that go through their entire life cycle in one season and that can be sown outside in the open garden in spring when it flowers.

  1. Hardy annuals

  2. Half hardy annuals

  3. Woody perennials

  4. Ephemeral
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Seedlings of Hardy annuals can easily endure the spring. Hence, they can be sown outside in the open garden in spring on flowering.
So, the correct answer is 'Hardy annuals'
Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

The gametophyte in alternation generation is described by

  1. Diploid generation

  2. Gamete producing generation

  3. Spores producing generation

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The gametophyte generation is also called a sexual phase. Here the haploid gametes are produced from the mother cell. Gametes have a single set of chromosomes, which gradually combine with another haploid gamete to give rise to a diploid cell.

The correct answer is B.

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

The Sporophyte is the dominant phase in

  1. Pteridophytes

  2. Gymnosperms

  3. Angiosperms

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The plant body  or the vegetative phase is diploid in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. The reproductive structures like the stobili in pteridophytes, ovules and microsporangium,  anther are also diploid. Here, only the reproductive cells undergo meiosis or gametogenesis to give rise to male and female gametes that are haploid. These fuse to produce a  diploid zygote. So, the gametophytic stage is restricted and of a very short duration as compared to the sporophytic stage. therefore, sporophyte is a dominant phase.

So, the correct answer is 'All of these'

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

Sporophytic generation is represented only by one celled zygote in

  1. Algae

  2. Ferns

  3. Mosses

  4. Liverworts
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Algae are mostly haploid. They show haplontic lifestyle i.e. for the most part of the life haploid is the dominant stage. Fusion of gametes results in diploid sporophyte in algae which undergoes meiosis to form haploid gametophyte. There are no free-living sporophytes. The gametophyte is the dominant phase.

So, the correct option is 'Algae'.

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

Haploid condition is shown by
I. Spore
II. Sporophyte
III. Gametophyte

  1. I only

  2. II only

  3. I and III

  4. I and II

  5. II and III
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sporophyte develops by diploid zygote and hence is diploid. Spores are produced on sporophyte by meiosis and hence are haploid. Haploid spores develop mitotically into the haploid multicellular gametophyte. Thus, spores and gametophyte exhibit haploid condition while sporophyte is diploid. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany types and parts of plants plant life cycle alternation of generations life span

Identify the correct statement regarding a Monocarpic plant.

  1. Flowers twice in every year

  2. Bears only one type of flower

  3. Flowers once in every year

  4. Dies after flowering once in its life cycle.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Monocarpic plants are those plants which bear flower once in their life cycle, produce seeds and then die. It means they reproduce once in its life cycle. 

Examples; rice, wheat, radish and carrot.
So, the correct option is 'Option D'.

Multiple choice biology improvement in food resources crop variety improvement improvement if crop varieties improvement in crop variety

In crop improvement programme, haploids are important because they

  1. Require one half of nutrients

  2. Are helpful in study of meiosis

  3. Grow better under adverse conditions

  4. Form perfect homozygous individuals on diploidisation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In crop improvement programme, haploids are important because they form perfect homozygous lines. Homozygous are the pure line selection plants resulting from self pollination. In this way, considerable homozygosity is obtained. Haploids are those plants which possess a gametophytic number of chromosomes. Haploids are used in plant breeding, especially for the production of homozygous plants and in their studies in the detection of mutation.

So the correct answer is ' Form perfect homozygous individuals on diploidisation'