Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

A true fruit is the one in which the, fleshy part of the fruit is derived from

  1. Thalamus

  2. Ovary

  3. Inflorescene axis

  4. Apocarpous gynoccium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A true fruit is the one in which the fleshy part of the fruit is derived from the ovary. For example, mango. A false fruit or pseudo-carp is derived from the floral parts other than ovary. Jackfruit and pineapple develop from the entire inflorescence. Apple develops from the thalamus. When the gynoecium has free and unfused carpel it is known as apocarpous.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Albumin is also known as _________.

  1. Perisperm

  2. Synergids

  3. Plumule

  4. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Perisperm is nutritive tissue outside embryosac. 
Synergid is supportive tissue. 
Plumule is involved  in the formation of shoot system. 
Endosperm is nutritive tissue and is also called albumin.
So, the correct option 'Endosperm'.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Perisperm differs from endosperm in.

  1. Its formation by fusion of secondary nucleus with several sperms

  2. Being a haploid tissue

  3. Having no reserve food

  4. Being a diploid tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Perisperm is the persistent nucellus in a seed, which is diploid tissue derived from the parent plant. Endosperm is typically triploid (in angiosperms) formed by double fertilization.

Multiple choice botany water absorption and ascent of sap in plants factors affecting the transport of water and minerals in plants ascent of sap long distance transport of water

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
In which of the following plants metabolism would be hindered if leaves are coated with vaseline on their upper surface ?

  1. Pistia

  2. VaIlisneria

  3. Lotus

  4. Mango
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lotus have stomata on the upper surface of its leaves. Hence, Coating of Vaseline on its upper surface will hinder transpiration. 

Mango is a terrestrial plant which has stomata in the lower surface of leaves. Hence transpiration will not be affected in mango because of coating Vaseline on the upper surface.
So, the correct answer is lotus.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

In monocotyledons, the leaves

  1. Arise at the tip of the stem only

  2. Do not sheath the stem

  3. Sheath the stem

  4. Sheath the stem only in the lower portion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The stems of monocots are usually unbranched and fleshy. They do not grow thicker from year to year. New leaves often grow wrapped in a protective sheath formed by the older leaf.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Scutellum is the first leaf of

  1. Monocot

  2. Dicot

  3. Gymnosperm

  4. Pteridophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The scutellum is part of the structure of a barley and rice seed, the modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

The single shield shaped cotyledon of maize is called as

  1. Tigellum

  2. Obturator

  3. Coleoptile

  4. Scutellum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The single shield shaped cotyledon of maize is called as scutellum. In maize grain, scutellum is characteristically present, which is a modified cotyledon. The scutellum is part of the structure of a  seedthe modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

In maize grain, scutellum is characteristically present, which is modified

  1. Plumule

  2. Cotyledon

  3. Coleoptile

  4. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In maize grain, scutellum is characteristically present, which is a modified cotyledon. The scutellum is part of the structure of a  seedthe modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

A large sheild-shaped catyledon found in some moncotyledonous seeds is

  1. Aleurone layer

  2. Coleorhiza

  3. Scutellum

  4. Hilum

  5. Coleoptile
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Aleurone layer- In monocotyledonous endospermic seed, endosperm is surrounded by a special one- cell thick layer, called aleurone layer. The cells of aleurone layer are filled with proteinaceous aleurone grains which play an important role at the time of germination.

B. Coleorhiza- Protective sheath of radicle.

C. Scutellum- In monocotyledonous endospermic seed, the embryo consists of an upper shield shaped scutellum wich is actually a reduced cotyledon. The scutellum is closely pressed against the endosperm and helps in the translocation of nutrients from endosperm to the growing embryo at the time of germination and seedling growth.

D. Hilum- It is the point of attachment of the body of the ovule with the funiculus.

E. Coleoptile- Protective sheath of plumule.
So, the correct answer is 'Scutellum'.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Match the followings and choose correct option.


   Group A    Group B
 A.  Aleurone layer  (i).  Without fertilisation
 B.  Parthenocarpic fruit  (ii).  Nutrition
 C.  Ovule  (iii).  Double fertilisation
 D.  Endosperm   (iv).  Seed

  1. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  2. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)

  3. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii)

  4. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Aleurone layer - a layer of protein storage cells,  present in cereal, maize seed, and is a  form of reserved food material.

Parthenocarpic fruit - when the ovary is stimulated to form fruit without fertilization then it is a parthenocarpic fruit
Example, seed less grapes, water melon
Ovule: contains embryo sac with egg cell, synergids, polar nuclei and antipodal cells. In angiosperms the pollen tube releases two male gametes, of which one fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote while the other fuses with polar nuclei to form triploid  PEN 
Endosperm- PEN develops into endosperm which provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
So, the correct answer is 'A- (iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D - (ii)'

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Long filamentous threads protruding at the end of a young cob of maize are

  1. Anthers

  2. Styles

  3. Ovaries

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Long filamentous threads protruding at the end of a young cob of maize are styles. The apex of the stem ends in the tassel, an inflorescence of male flowers. When the tassel is mature and conditions are suitably warm and dry, anthers on the tassel dehisce and release pollen. Maize pollen is anemophilous and because of its large settling velocity, most pollen falls within a few meters of the tassel. Elongated stigmas, called as silks, emerge from the whorl of husk leaves at the end of the ear. They are often pale yellow and  like tufts of hair in appearance.
At the end of each is a carpel, which may develop into a kernel if fertilized by a pollen grain. The pericarp of the fruit is fused with the seed coat referred to as caryopsis, typical of the grasses and the entire kernel is often referred to as the seed. The cob is close to a multiple fruit in structure, except that the individual fruits never fuse into a single mass. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany living world of plants - plant physiology historical events in photosynthesis history of photosynthesis introduction to photosynthesis

Which phytohormone is responsible for the promotion of female flowers in cucumber?

  1. $ABA$
  2. $GA _3$
  3. $C _2H _4$
  4. $C _2H _2$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ethylene is a simple Gaseous PGR(Plant growth regulator). The hormone finds its use in increasing the yield of cucumber plant by increasing the female flower formation. 

So, the correct answer is 'Ethylene(C$ _2$H$ _4$)'.