Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice apical dominance auxins and gibberellins growth and development plant growth and development biology

Removal of apical bud makes the plant

  1. Bushy

  2. Grow rapidly

  3. Grow slowly

  4. Dormant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Apical dominance is a phenomenon in which main stem grows faster than the lateral branches. Apical bud produces auxin hormone that promotes apical dominance and inhibits growth of the lateral buds. When the apical bud is removed, the source of auxin is removed. Due to this, the lateral buds grow faster and makes plant bushy. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice apical dominance auxins and gibberellins growth and development plant growth and development biology

Removal of apical bud results in

  1. Formation of new apical bud

  2. Elongation of main stem

  3. Death of plant

  4. Formation of lateral branching
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Apical dominance is a phenomenon in which central stem is dominant and lateral stems are suppressed. It is due to plant hormones produced in the tip of the shoot. Auxin hormone is responsible for apical dominance. When apical bud is removed, there is growth of lateral bud. This results in formation of lateral branching. This makes plant bushy.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice apical dominance auxins and gibberellins growth and development plant growth and development biology

Removal of apical bud makes the plant grow

  1. Tall

  2. Bushy

  3. Slow

  4. Rapidly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Apical dominance is a phenomenon in which central stem is dominant and lateral stems are suppressed. It is due to plant hormones produced in the tip of the shoot. Auxin hormone is responsible for apical dominance. When apical bud is removed, lateral buds grow and the plant grows bushy.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice apical dominance auxins and gibberellins growth and development plant growth and development biology

How many shoot aplical meristematic zones are expected in a twig of a plant possessing 9 branches, 39 leaves ?

  1. 9

  2. 39

  3. 10

  4. 8
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 Shoot apical meristem is the region in the growing shoot containing meristematic cells. The shoot apical meristem contains multipotent stem cells and produces primordia that develop into all the above-ground organs of a plant.it is always present at the growing apices.

Plants having 9 branches and 39 leaves will have 10 growing apices i.e shoot apical meristematic zones (9 growing apex of the branches +1 growing apex of the main plant axis ).
So, the correct answer is '10'.

Multiple choice apical dominance auxins and gibberellins growth and development plant growth and development biology

Decapitation i.e. removal of shoot tips in a plant usually results in

  1. inactivation of lateral buds

  2. growth of lateral buds

  3. cessation of plant growth

  4. yellowing of leaves.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Apical dominance is the phenomenon by which presence of apical bud does not allow the nearby lateral buds to grow. When the apical bud is removed, the lateral buds sprout. Apical bud inhibits the growth of lateral buds by releasing auxins. When a plant is decapitated i.e., its apical bud is removed then the lateral buds sprout, resulting in dense bushy growth. This phenomenon is widely used in the tea plucking and hedge making.
So the correct answer is 'growth of lateral buds'.
Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

In which one of the following, would you expect to find glyoxysomes?

  1. Endosperm of wheat

  2. Endosperm of castor

  3. Palisade cells in leaf

  4. Root hairs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Glyoxysomes are microbodies. These microbodies occur only in fat rich plant cells like castor seeds where they take part in $\beta$-oxidation of fats and perform glyoxylate cycle. Glyoxysomes possess catalase enzyme.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

A true fruit is the one in which the, fleshy part of the fruit is derived from

  1. Thalamus

  2. Ovary

  3. Inflorescene axis

  4. Apocarpous gynoccium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A true fruit is the one in which the fleshy part of the fruit is derived from the ovary. For example, mango. A false fruit or pseudo-carp is derived from the floral parts other than ovary. Jackfruit and pineapple develop from the entire inflorescence. Apple develops from the thalamus. When the gynoecium has free and unfused carpel it is known as apocarpous.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Perisperm differs from endosperm in.

  1. Its formation by fusion of secondary nucleus with several sperms

  2. Being a haploid tissue

  3. Having no reserve food

  4. Being a diploid tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Perisperm is the persistent nucellus in a seed, which is diploid tissue derived from the parent plant. Endosperm is typically triploid (in angiosperms) formed by double fertilization.

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds plant adaptation and modification leaves leaf modification

All of the following parts of the plant is present in pitcher plant except.

  1. Leaves

  2. Roots

  3. Stem

  4. Seeds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Pitcher plants are the several different carnivorous plants. These have modified leaves known as pitfall traps. 
  • These are having a prey-trapping mechanism. 
  • The traps of are true in pitcher plants and are formed by the specialized leaves.
  • So, we can say that pitcher plants don’t have leaves.
  • The correct option is A.  

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds plant adaptation and modification leaves leaf modification

Which part of the Nepenthes is modified into a pitcher?

  1. Leaf

  2. Stem

  3. Root

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Pitcher plants or Nepenthes is a carnivorous plant that has modified leaves to form a pitcher which traps its prey or insect for consumption as they live in Nitrogen deficient soil.
So, the correct answer is 'Leaf'
Multiple choice biology transport in plant transport of water and minerals conduction of water and minerals absorption of water and minerals in plants

Identify the vascular tissues in plants.

  1. Xylem

  2. Phloem

  3. Stem

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Vascular tissue is an arrangement of multiple cell types in vascular plants which allows for the transport of water, minerals, product and of photosynthesis to be transported throughout the plant. There are two types of vascular tissues of a plant namely, xylem and phloem.
So the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.
Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

In monocotyledons, the leaves

  1. Arise at the tip of the stem only

  2. Do not sheath the stem

  3. Sheath the stem

  4. Sheath the stem only in the lower portion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The stems of monocots are usually unbranched and fleshy. They do not grow thicker from year to year. New leaves often grow wrapped in a protective sheath formed by the older leaf.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Scutellum is the first leaf of

  1. Monocot

  2. Dicot

  3. Gymnosperm

  4. Pteridophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The scutellum is part of the structure of a barley and rice seed, the modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

The single shield shaped cotyledon of maize is called as

  1. Tigellum

  2. Obturator

  3. Coleoptile

  4. Scutellum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The single shield shaped cotyledon of maize is called as scutellum. In maize grain, scutellum is characteristically present, which is a modified cotyledon. The scutellum is part of the structure of a  seedthe modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

In maize grain, scutellum is characteristically present, which is modified

  1. Plumule

  2. Cotyledon

  3. Coleoptile

  4. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In maize grain, scutellum is characteristically present, which is a modified cotyledon. The scutellum is part of the structure of a  seedthe modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.