Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany photosynthesis historical events in photosynthesis history of photosynthesis introduction to photosynthesis

Who is called as 'father of plant physiology'?

  1. K. V Thimann

  2. Stephen Hales

  3. M. Calvin

  4. E. Rabinowitch
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. 

Stephen Hales is considered the 'father of plant physiology' for the many experiments he conducted in 1727; though Julius von Sachs unified the pieces of plant physiology and put them together as a discipline. 

Multiple choice botany the leaf mechanism of absorption mineral absorption significance of transpiration

Which of the following is not the modification of leaf?

  1. Tendril in Antigonon

  2. Tendril in Clematis

  3. Tendril in Gloriosa

  4. Tendril in Nepenthes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Antigonon, the tendril is a modification of the inflorescence axis, not the leaf. In Clematis, Gloriosa, and Nepenthes, the tendrils or traps are modifications of leaves or leaflets.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

The fruit developed from single ovary is

  1. Composite

  2. Simple fruit

  3. Aggregate fruit

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A simple fruit is one which develops from a single ovary of a single flower.

Composite fruit develops from an inflorescence.
Aggregate fruits develop from multicarpellary apocarpous ovary.
So, the correct answer is 'Simple fruit'.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

Fruits of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) and some other members of Dipterocarpaceae are also winged but the wings are not formed from the pericarp, rather wings are the persistent sepals of the calyx whorl, such a fruit is called as

  1. Lomentum

  2. Samaroid

  3. Capsule

  4. Samara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fruits of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) and some other members of Dipterocarpaceae are also winged but the wings are not formed from the pericarp, rather wings are the persistent sepals of the calyx whorl, such a fruit is called as samaroids. 
The family bear erect creamy coloured inflorescenses and colourful samaroid fruit typical of their genus and have pairs of thorns below the rachis.
They are pollinated by different species of honey bee. In late summer, they bear colourful samaroid fruit, containing one seed each. The young shoots are useful as cattle.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

A small, dry, one-seeded fruit with its pericarp fused with the seed-coat, developing from a monocarpellary gynoecium is called ____________.

  1. Cypsela

  2. Siliqua

  3. Caryopsis

  4. Samara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A small dry one-seeded fruit with pericarp fused with seed coat which develops from monocarpellary gynoecium i.e from a superior monocarpellary ovary is called caryopsis. 

Examples- Maize, wheat. 

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

An aggregate fruit is the one which develops from

  1. Multicarpellary apocarpous gynoecium

  2. Complete inflorescence

  3. Multicarpellary superior ovary

  4. Multicarpellary syncarpous gynoecium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The aggregate fruits are formed from polycarpellary, apocarpous ovary and each ripened is called fruitlet or etaerio. The example is raspberry.

So the correct option is 'Multicarpellary apocarpous gynoecium'.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

An aggregate fruit develops from an inflorescence.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A fruit is a seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering. An aggregate fruit results from the joining together of several ovaries of the same flower. This process starts with a flower that contains several carpels with an equal number of ovaries. As the ovaries develop and increase in size they become attached together. Aggregate fruits are also either true, without accessory parts, or accessory, with additional floral parts. 

So the given statement is false.

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

Pineapple $\left (ananas  \right )$ fruit develops from-

  1. a unilocular polycarpellary flower

  2. a multipistillate syncarpous flower

  3. a cluster of compactly borne flowers on a common axis

  4. a multilocular monocarpellary flower
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The fruit of Ananas comosus (pineapple or ananas) is sorosis, (a type of multiple fruits), developing from spike, spadix or catkin. In this type, the flowers associate by their succulent tepals, the axis bearing them grows and becomes fleshy or woody, thus, the whole inflorescence turns into a compact fruit.

So, the correct answer is 'a cluster of compactly borne flowers on a common axis'.
Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

Juicy hair-like structures observed in the lemon fruit develop from : -

  1. Exocarp

  2. Mesocarp

  3. Endocarp

  4. Mesocarp and endocarp
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Endocarp in citrus is divided into segments, containing juicy hair like vesicles filled with the juice of the fruit.The epicarp or Flavedo is the outer most covering also called the rind, it contains oil glands. The mesocarp is fused with the epicarp, and is fibrous in nature it also forms the central column of the fruit and is also the called the pith/albedo.   

So, the correct answer is 'Endocarp.'

Multiple choice biology fruit and seed morphology of the fruit fruit plants: structure and function

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The structure that forms most of the flesh of an apple is the

  1. pistil

  2. receptacle

  3. petal

  4. stamen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
An Apple is called a false fruit as it is developed from the thalamus, not from the ovary. Thus apple flesh is not derived from the ovary instead it is derived from the receptacle.
So, the correct answer is receptacle.


Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

In certain plants viable pollen is formed but it cannot pollinate owing to nonrupture of anther wall. This condition is referred to as _____________.

  1. Cytoplasm sterility

  2. Functional sterility

  3. Genic sterility

  4. Genetic and cytoplasmic sterility
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Functional sterility occurs when a plant produces normal, viable pollen grains, but fertilization fails because the anther wall fails to rupture to release the pollen. Cytoplasmic and genic sterilities relate to internal genetic or cytoplasmic defects in pollen development rather than mechanical failure of the anther wall.