Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Select the wrong statement :

  1. Chlamydomonas exhibits both isogamy and anisogamy and Fucus shows oogamy.

  2. Isogametes are similar in structure, function and behaviour.

  3. Anisogametes differ either in structure, function or behaciour.

  4. In oomycetes, female gamete is smaller and motile while male gamete is larger and non-motile.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Rema was in the biology lab. When observing a plant tissue under the microscope, she saw a small out-growth coming from the outermost layer. Which part did she identify?

  1. Trichomes

  2. Flower buds

  3. Stomata

  4. Leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rema observed trichomes which are considered to be the outgrowth from the epidermis of the plant and are unicellular and mostly glandular. It helps in the absorption of water and minerals.

So, the correct answer is 'Trichomes'.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

A root grows in length,which region of the root is responsible for this growth?

  1. Root cap

  2. Region of meristematic activity

  3. Region of elongation

  4. Region of maturation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A)The root is covered at the apex by a thimble-like structure called the root cap that protects it from damage.

B)The cells are thin-walled and with dense protoplasm and divide rapidly forms region of meristematic activity.
C)The cells that divide undergo rapid elongation and are responsible for the growth of the root length is the region of elongation.
D)The cells of elongation gradually differentiate and mature is called the region of maturation.
So the correct option is ' Region of elongation'.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Roots and shoots lengthen through the activity of

  1. Apical meristem

  2. Vascular Cambium

  3. Lateral meristem

  4. Cork Cambium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Apical meristem is found at the growing tips, that is root and shoot tips. These are actively dividing cells and are thus responsible for the growth of plant lengthwise. Shoot apical meristem occurs at the apex of the shoot which allows the shoot to elongate. Root apical meristem occurs at the apex of the root which allows the root to elongate. Rapid division of meristematic cells can cause the plant to grow tall.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Which of the following is absent in a root hair?

  1. Cell wall

  2. Vacuole

  3. Nucleus

  4. Chloroplast
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Chloroplast are absent in root hairs because root hairs do not produce food. These are meant for absorption of water and minerals from soil. Chloroplast is the store house of chlorophyll which is the green pigment essential in photosynthesis.Moreover root and root hair are underground structures away from light, hence they do not contain chloroplasts, as chlorophyll pigments present within the chloroplasts are functional only in presence of light.

So, the correct answer is 'chloroplast'

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Which of the following roots are found in a screwpine?

  1. Nodulose

  2. Tuberous

  3. Stilt

  4. Fasciculated
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Screwpine or Pandanus also known as screw palm has stilt roots. Often called as Pandanus palms, these plants are not closely related to palm trees. The species vary in size from small shrubs less than 1 m. Species growing on exposed coastal headlands and along beaches have thick stilt roots- as anchors in the loose sand. Those prop roots emerge from the stem, usually close to but above the ground, which helps to keep the plants upright and secure them to the ground.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Transition of exarch bundles of root to endarch bundles of stem occurs in

  1. Epicotyl

  2. Hypocotyl

  3. Apical bud

  4. Coleoptile
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Hypocotyl is the portion of seedling where transition of root structure into stem structure occurs. The seedling above the transition point has stem structure which is characterized by presence of collateral and endarch vascular bundles. And the region of hypocotyls below the transition point is structurally root, which bear radial and exarch vascular bundles. The transition point marks this conversion from exarch to endarch vascular bundles which makes option B correct. Epicotyl is the region of embryonic axis above the cotyledons which develops into leaves and is present above the hypocotyl; option A is incorrect. The protective covering that covers the epicotyls of monocot embryo is called as coleoptiles; they serve the protective function only; option D is incorrect. Apical bud is the meristematic tissue present in the tip of the stem and shoots which synthesize auxin and inhibits the lateral buds which are located in the base of the shoots; they are not involved in transition of root anatomy into stem anatomy; option C is incorrect.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

If a primary root continues to grow, the type of root system will be known as

  1. Secondary

  2. Fibrous

  3. Tap

  4. Stilt
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Two kinds of root systems are present in flowering plants :
(i) Tap root : Primary root grows vertically down into soil, secondary roots grow from this at an acute angle outwards and downwards, and from these other branches may arise. The main or primary root is known as the tap root; together with its many branch roots it forms a tap root system e.g. the bean.
(ii) Adventitious root : The primary root usually dies at an early stage and is replaced by numerous roots that develop from the stem, e.g., the mealie.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Root hairs are found in large numbers at ......... of roots.

  1. Base

  2. Middle

  3. Tip

  4. All areas of root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Water is absorbed by land plants through their roots especially at their tips the root hairs found in large number in this region increase the surface area of absorption. The concentration of soil water is less than of cell sap of root hair as a result the soil water enters the root hair by endosmosis.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

The calyptrogen of the root apex forms

  1. Rhizoids

  2. Root nodule

  3. Root hairs

  4. Root cap
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The three principal tissues of the root vascular cylinder, cortex and epidermis originate from three groups of initial cells or histogens, in the apical meristem plerome, periblem and dermatogen respectively. A fourth histogen, the calyptrogen produces the root cap.        
So, the correct answer is 'root cap'

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Aerial absorptive roots occur in

  1. Epiphytes

  2. Mesophytes

  3. Hydrophytes

  4. Xerophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The adventitious roots found in the epiphytes are known as the epiphytic root. These roots hang freely in the air and absorb the moisture from the air by a special type of tissue called as velamen. Epiphytic plants are sometimes called as air plants because they do not have roots in the soil. For example, Vanda.

Hence, the correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Root pocket occurs in

  1. Maize

  2. Pandanus

  3. Banyan

  4. Water hyacinth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Root pockets are basically root caps but have lost there utility due to non-use. This is because the roots of the plants that hang freely in water have no friction or resistance from the soil particles to overcome. So, root pockets are vestigial (non-functional) root caps. Once removed, there are not regenerated. Found only in floating aquatic plants like Pistia, water hyacinth and Trapa
So, the correct answer is 'Water hyacinth'
Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Passage cells are found in

  1. Dicot stem

  2. Aerial root

  3. Monocot root

  4. Monocot stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Passage cells are endodermal cells of older monocot roots, which have retained thin walls and casparian strips. They are not suberized and waterproof. They allow symplastic flow of solutes, such as calcium and magnesium into the stele.